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A new mechanism of black hole formation in a first order phase transition is proposed. In vacuum bubble collisions the interaction of bubble walls leads to the formation of nontrivial vacuum configuration. The consequent collapse of this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-04-15 M. Yu. Khlopov , R. V. Konoplich , S. G. Rubin , A. S. Sakharov

Supercooled first order phase transitions are typical of theories where conformal symmetry is predominantly spontaneously broken. In these theories the fate of the flat scalar direction is highly sensitive to the size and the scaling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-19 Noam Levi , Toby Opferkuch , Diego Redigolo

We reexamine production of primordial black holes in a supercooled phase transition. While a mere overdensity associated with a surviving false-vacuum patch does not imply formation of a black hole, it is possible for such a patch to evolve…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-05 Marcos M. Flores , Alexander Kusenko , Misao Sasaki

We propose a novel mechanism where a first-order phase transition modulates the decay rate of a massive field. This modulation, even if the scalar field has negligible energy density, subsequently generates an observable stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-11 Xiao-Bin Sui , Jing Liu , Rong-Gen Cai

We discuss the possibility of forming primordial black holes during a first-order phase transition in the early Universe. As is well known, such a phase transition proceeds through the formation of true-vacuum bubbles in a Universe that is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-20 Michael J. Baker , Moritz Breitbach , Joachim Kopp , Lukas Mittnacht

We present an updated analysis of the first-order phase transition associated with symmetry breaking in the early Universe in a classically scale-invariant model extended with a new SU(2) gauge group. Including recent developments in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-03 Maciej Kierkla , Alexandros Karam , Bogumila Swiezewska

In this Letter, we numerically present the possibility of the first-order phase transition occurring through the thermal fluctuation in the early universe. We find that when the temperature is slightly higher than the mass scale of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-05-22 Ligong Bian , Yuefeng Di , Yongtao Jia , Yang Li , Kehao Zeng

A new mechanism of black hole formation in a first order phase transition is proposed. In vacuum bubble collisions the interaction of bubble walls leads to the formation of nontrivial vacuum configuration. The consequent collapse of this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Yu. Khlopov , R. V. Konoplich , S. G. Rubin , A. S. Sakharov

We conduct a novel study to obtain the initial spin of the primordial black holes created during a first-order phase transition due to delayed false vacuum decay. Remaining within the parameter space consistent with observational bounds, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-30 Indra Kumar Banerjee , Ujjal Kumar Dey

We consider the formation of Q-balls in false vacuum remnants during a cosmological first-order phase transition. We find that under certain circumstances Q-balls can collapse to form primordial black holes. This scenario can produce…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-05-30 James B. Dent , Bhaskar Dutta , Jason Kumar , Danny Marfatia

We investigate rarely explored details of supercooled cosmological first-order phase transitions at the electroweak scale, which may lead to strong gravitational wave signals or explain the cosmic baryon asymmetry. The nucleation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-26 Peter Athron , Csaba Balázs , Lachlan Morris

Recent studies have revealed synchronized multivalued behavior in thermodynamic, dynamical, and geometric quantities during the black hole first-order phase transition, which enables a diagnosis from different perspectives, yet its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-16 Shi-Hao Zhang , Zi-Yuan Li , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

The recent detection of a gravitational wave background in the nano-Hertz frequency range by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations, including NANOGrav, EPTA, and PPTA, has opened a new avenue for exploring fundamental physics in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-17 Jinzheng Li , Pran Nath

Motivated by the recent evidence of a stochastic gravitational wave background found by pulsar timing array experiments, we focus on one of the prime cosmological explanations, i.e. a supercooled first order phase transition. If confirmed,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-04 S. Pascoli , S. Rosauro-Alcaraz , M. Zandi

Fermi balls produced in a cosmological first-order phase transition may collapse to primordial black holes (PBHs) if the fermion dark matter particles that comprise them interact via a sufficiently strong Yukawa force. We show that phase…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-09 Danny Marfatia , Po-Yan Tseng

Understanding whether primordial black holes form during strong first-order phase transition (FOPT) is a crucial open question in cosmology. We address this using a fully covariant formalism to study cosmological perturbations, highlighting…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-07 Gabriele Franciolini , Yann Gouttenoire , Ryusuke Jinno

In this paper, we study the thermodynamic features of a rotating black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. We analyze the critical behavior of the black hole by considering the known relationship between pressure and cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-03 Seyed Hossein Hendi , Azadeh Nemati , Kai Lin , Mubasher Jamil

When strongly supercooled cosmological first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) are sufficiently slow, super-horizon inhomogeneities can be generated. We compute these super-horizon curvature perturbations by employing a gauge-invariant,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-22 Xiao Wang , Csaba Balázs , Ran Ding , Chi Tian

We compute the gravitational wave spectra from strongly supercooled first-order phase transitions, explicitly incorporating the evolution of the background metric across the transition from thermal inflation to radiation domination. We find…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-20 Marek Lewicki , Ville Vaskonen

The most important recent results in the theory of phase transitions and quantum effects in quantum anharmonic crystals are presented and discussed. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions for a phase transition to occur at some…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-04 Sergio Albeverio , Yuri Kozitsky , Yuri Kondratiev , Michael Roeckner