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Hawrami, a dialect of Kurdish, is classified as an endangered language as it suffers from the scarcity of data and the gradual loss of its speakers. Natural Language Processing projects can be used to partially compensate for data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Aram Khaksar , Hossein Hassani

How can large language models (LLMs) process and translate endangered languages? Many languages lack a large corpus to train a decent LLM; therefore existing LLMs rarely perform well in unseen, endangered languages. On the contrary, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Kexun Zhang , Yee Man Choi , Zhenqiao Song , Taiqi He , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

Gesture typing is a method of typing words on a touch-based keyboard by creating a continuous trace passing through the relevant keys. This work is aimed at developing a keyboard that supports gesture typing in Indic languages. We begin by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Emil Biju , Anirudh Sriram , Mitesh M. Khapra , Pratyush Kumar

Despite the considerable advancements in English LLMs, the progress in building comparable models for other languages has been hindered due to the scarcity of tailored resources. Our work aims to bridge this divide by introducing an…

Communication is essential feature in human communities. For some reasons, deaf-mute disabled people lose their ability to hear, speak, or both which makes them suffer to communicate and convey their ideas, especially with normal people.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Hussein Naeem Hasan

Generative AI tools, particularly those utilizing large language models (LLMs), are increasingly used in everyday contexts. While these tools enhance productivity and accessibility, little is known about how Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Shuxu Huffman , Si Chen , Kelly Avery Mack , Haotian Su , Qi Wang , Raja Kushalnagar

Speaker Verification (SV) is a task to verify the claimed identity of the claimant using his/her voice sample. Though there exists an ample amount of research in SV technologies, the development concerning a multilingual conversation is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Jagabandhu Mishra , Mrinmoy Bhattacharjee , S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna

The performance of Language Models (LMs) on low-resource, morphologically rich languages like Sinhala remains largely unexplored, particularly regarding script variation in digital communication. Sinhala exhibits script duality, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Minuri Rajapakse , Ruvan Weerasinghe

India's linguistic landscape is one of the most diverse in the world, comprising over 120 major languages and approximately 1,600 additional languages, with 22 officially recognized as scheduled languages in the Indian Constitution. Despite…

With the advent of the pandemic, the use of video conferencing platforms as a means of communication has greatly increased and with it, so have the remote opportunities. The deaf and dumb have traditionally faced several issues in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kshitij Deshpande , Varad Mashalkar , Kaustubh Mhaisekar , Amaan Naikwadi , Archana Ghotkar

India is a diverse society with unique challenges in developing AI systems, including linguistic diversity, oral traditions, data accessibility, and scalability. Existing foundation models are primarily trained on English, limiting their…

Excessive smartphone use is now widely considered a personal and societal problem. It is recognized by application and smartphone makers, who provide tools to track the amount of use, set limits, or block certain services at predefined…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jaroslaw Domaszewicz , Damian Sienicki , Michal Obirek

This technical report presents the 600K-KS-OCR Dataset, a large-scale synthetic corpus comprising approximately 602,000 word-level segmented images designed for training and evaluating optical character recognition systems targeting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Haq Nawaz Malik

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable fluency across high-resource languages yet consistently fail to generate coherent text in Kashmiri, a language spoken by approximately seven million people. This performance disparity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Haq Nawaz Malik

Tulu, a low-resource Dravidian language predominantly spoken in southern India, has limited computational resources despite its growing digital presence. This study presents the first benchmark dataset for Offensive Language Identification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Anusha M D , Deepthi Vikram , Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi , Parameshwar R Hegde

Sign language is a vital communication medium for the hearing-impaired community, enabling effective interaction and self-expression. To help bridge the communication gap between hearing and hearing-impaired individuals, a text-to-sign…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-24 MD. Ashikul Islam , Prato Dewan , Md Fuadul Islam , Md. Ataullha , M. Shahidur Rahman

India's vast linguistic diversity presents unique challenges and opportunities for technological advancement, especially in the realm of Natural Language Processing (NLP). While there has been significant progress in NLP applications for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Rasika Ransing , Mohammed Amaan Dhamaskar , Ayush Rajpurohit , Amey Dhoke , Sanket Dalvi

We investigate intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) accessibility for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people who can use their voice in everyday communication. The inability of IPAs to understand diverse accents including deaf speech…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Paige S. DeVries , Michaela Okosi , Ming Li , Nora Dunphy , Gidey Gezae , Dante Conway , Abraham Glasser , Raja Kushalnagar , Christian Vogler

Many archival recordings of speech from endangered languages remain unannotated and inaccessible to community members and language learning programs. One bottleneck is the time-intensive nature of annotation. An even narrower bottleneck…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Nay San , Martijn Bartelds , Tolúlopé Ògúnrèmí , Alison Mount , Ruben Thompson , Michael Higgins , Roy Barker , Jane Simpson , Dan Jurafsky

Nowadays, speech is becoming a more common, if not standard, interface to technology. This can be seen in the trend of technology changes over the years. Increasingly, voice is used to control programs, appliances and personal devices…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Abraham Glasser