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Post-training improves large language models (LLMs) but often worsens confidence calibration, leading to systematic overconfidence. Recent unsupervised post-hoc methods for post-trained LMs (PoLMs) mitigate this by aligning PoLM confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Beier Luo , Cheng Wang , Hongxin Wei , Sharon Li , Xuefeng Du

As educational systems evolve, ensuring that assessment items remain aligned with content standards is essential for maintaining fairness and instructional relevance. Traditional human alignment reviews are accurate but slow and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi , Pooya Razavi , Sonya Powers

Aligning language models to human expectations, e.g., being helpful and harmless, has become a pressing challenge for large language models. A typical alignment procedure consists of supervised fine-tuning and preference learning. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Tianchi Cai , Xierui Song , Jiyan Jiang , Fei Teng , Jinjie Gu , Guannan Zhang

Vision-language models (VLMs) can learn high-quality representations from a large-scale training dataset of image-text pairs. Prompt learning is a popular approach to fine-tuning VLM to adapt them to downstream tasks. Despite the satisfying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zhifang Zhang , Yuwei Niu , Xin Liu , Beibei Li

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel in various multimodal tasks but frequently suffer from poor calibration, resulting in misalignment between their verbalized confidence and response correctness. This miscalibration undermines user trust,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yunpu Zhao , Rui Zhang , Junbin Xiao , Ruibo Hou , Jiaming Guo , Zihao Zhang , Yifan Hao , Yunji Chen

Despite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing both visual and textual information. However, the critical challenge of alignment between visual and textual representations is not fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dong Shu , Haiyan Zhao , Jingyu Hu , Weiru Liu , Ali Payani , Lu Cheng , Mengnan Du

Aligning visual features with language embeddings is a key challenge in vision-language models (VLMs). The performance of such models hinges on having a good connector that maps visual features generated by a vision encoder to a shared…

Can Visual Language Models (VLMs) effectively capture human visual preferences? This work addresses this question by training VLMs to think about preferences at test time, employing reinforcement learning methods inspired by DeepSeek R1 and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Alexander Gambashidze , Konstantin Sobolev , Andrey Kuznetsov , Ivan Oseledets

When people query Vision-Language Models (VLMs) but cannot see the accompanying visual context (e.g. for blind and low-vision users), augmenting VLM predictions with natural language explanations can signal which model predictions are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Keyu He , Tejas Srinivasan , Brihi Joshi , Xiang Ren , Jesse Thomason , Swabha Swayamdipta

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) holds promise for revolutionizing various fields traditionally dominated by human expertise. Urban planning, a professional discipline that fundamentally shapes our daily surroundings, is one such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yu Zheng , Longyi Liu , Yuming Lin , Jie Feng , Guozhen Zhang , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are becoming increasingly popular across various visual tasks, and several open-sourced VLM variants have been released. However, selecting the best-performing pre-trained VLM for a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hao-Zhe Tan , Zhi Zhou , Yu-Feng Li , Lan-Zhe Guo

Pre-trained multi-modal vision-language models (VLMs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their exceptional performance on downstream vision applications, particularly in the few- and zero-shot settings. However, selecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Orr Zohar , Shih-Cheng Huang , Kuan-Chieh Wang , Serena Yeung

The generation of factually incorrect objects, commonly known as object hallucination, remains a persistent challenge in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Current approaches to address this issue - ranging from expensive data-driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuanzhi Xu , Qian Gao , Jun Fan , Guohui Ding , Zhenyu Yang , Sixue Lin , Yuteng Xiao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) continue to struggle to make morally salient judgments in multimodal and socially ambiguous contexts. Prior works typically rely on binary or pairwise supervision, which often fail to capture the continuous and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Eunkyu Park , Wesley Hanwen Deng , Cheyon Jin , Matheus Kunzler Maldaner , Jordan Wheeler , Jason I. Hong , Hong Shen , Adam Perer , Ken Holstein , Motahhare Eslami , Gunhee Kim

Multispectral pedestrian detection is a crucial component in various critical applications. However, a significant challenge arises due to the misalignment between these modalities, particularly under real-world conditions where data often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Taeheon Kim , Sangyun Chung , Youngjoon Yu , Yong Man Ro

Scaling LLM-based embodied agents from text-only environments to complex multimodal settings remains a major challenge. Recent work identifies a perception-reasoning-decision gap in standalone Vision-Language Models (VLMs), which often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mohamed Salim Aissi , Clemence Grislain , Clement Romac , Laure Soulier , Mohamed Chetouani , Olivier Sigaud , Nicolas Thome

Video generative models (VGMs) pretrained on large-scale internet data can produce temporally coherent rollout videos that capture rich object dynamics, offering a compelling foundation for zero-shot robotic manipulation. However, VGMs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Gehao Zhang , Zhenyang Ni , Payal Mohapatra , Han Liu , Ruohan Zhang , Qi Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet their transition to real-world applications reveals a critical limitation: the inability to adapt to individual preferences while maintaining alignment with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Jian Guan , Junfei Wu , Jia-Nan Li , Chuanqi Cheng , Wei Wu

Vision language models (VLMs) like CLIP show stellar zero-shot capability on classification benchmarks. However, selecting the VLM with the highest performance on the unlabeled downstream task is non-trivial. Existing VLM selection methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yuhe Ding , Bo Jiang , Aihua Zheng , Qin Xu , Jian Liang