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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit high reasoning capacity in medical question-answering, but their tendency to produce hallucinations and outdated knowledge poses critical risks in healthcare fields. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenhao Wu , Zhentao Tang , Yafu Li , Shixiong Kai , Mingxuan Yuan , Chunlin Chen , Zhi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. Current hybrid RAG system retrieves evidence from both knowledge graphs (KGs) and text documents to support LLM reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to answer questions more accurately. However, research on evaluating RAG systems-particularly the retriever component-remains limited, as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lorenz Brehme , Thomas Ströhle , Ruth Breu

Multi-hop audio-visual reasoning remains challenging for Omni-LLMs, as relevant evidence is often sparse, temporally dispersed, and distributed across both audio and visual streams. Existing benchmarks provide limited investigation of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ke Xu , Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Hongcheng Liu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

As LLM-based agents operate over sequential multi-step reasoning, hallucinations arising at intermediate steps risk propagating along the trajectory, thus degrading overall reliability. Unlike hallucination detection in single-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xuannan Liu , Xiao Yang , Zekun Li , Peipei Li , Ran He

Advancing complex reasoning in large language models relies on high-quality, verifiable datasets, yet human annotation remains cost-prohibitive and difficult to scale. Current synthesis paradigms often face a recurring trade-off:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhengbo Jiao , Shaobo Wang , Zifan Zhang , Xuan Ren , Wei Wang , Bing Zhao , Hu Wei , Linfeng Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are widely adopted in knowledge-intensive NLP tasks, but current evaluations often overlook the structural complexity and multi-step reasoning required in real-world scenarios. These benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jeongsoo Lee , Daeyong Kwon , Kyohoon Jin

Agentic systems are becoming more capable: agents define strategies, take actions, and interact with different environments. This autonomy poses serious challenges for overseeing and assessing agent behavior. Most current tools are limited,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Training trustworthy agentic LLMs requires data that shows the grounded reasoning process, not just the final answer. Existing datasets fall short: question-answering data is outcome-only, chain-of-thought data is not tied to specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Saber Zerhoudi , Michael Granitzer , Jelena Mitrovic

We introduce Plan*RAG, a novel framework that enables structured multi-hop reasoning in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) through test-time reasoning plan generation. While existing approaches such as ReAct maintain reasoning chains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Prakhar Verma , Sukruta Prakash Midigeshi , Gaurav Sinha , Arno Solin , Nagarajan Natarajan , Amit Sharma

Biomedical reasoning often requires traversing interconnected relationships across entities such as drugs, diseases, and proteins. Despite the increasing prominence of large language models (LLMs), existing benchmarks lack the ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yunsoo Kim , Yusuf Abdulle , Honghan Wu

Multi-hop reasoning has been widely studied in recent years to obtain more interpretable link prediction. However, we find in experiments that many paths given by these models are actually unreasonable, while little works have been done on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Xin Lv , Yixin Cao , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Yichi Zhang , Zelin Dai

Long-horizon robotic manipulation poses significant challenges for autonomous systems, requiring extended reasoning, precise execution, and robust error recovery across complex sequential tasks. Current approaches, whether based on static…

AI agents are rapidly advancing from passive language models to autonomous systems executing complex, multi-step tasks. Yet their overconfidence in failure remains a fundamental barrier to deployment in high-stakes settings. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jiaxin Zhang , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like o3 and DeepSeek-R1 have achieved remarkable progress in reasoning tasks with long cot. However, they remain computationally inefficient and struggle with accuracy when solving problems requiring complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haipeng Luo , Huawen Feng , Qingfeng Sun , Can Xu , Kai Zheng , Yufei Wang , Tao Yang , Han Hu , Yansong Tang

The creation of high-quality datasets to improve Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning remains a significant challenge, as current methods often suffer from generating low-quality/incorrect answers and limited information richness from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Xianyang Liu , Yilin Liu , Shuai Wang , Hao Cheng , Andrew Estornell , Yuzhi Zhao , Jun Shu , Jiaheng Wei

Large language models (LLMs) remain brittle on multi-hop question answering (MHQA), where answering requires combining evidence across documents through retrieval and reasoning. Iterative retrieval systems can fail by locking onto an early…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Xingyu Li , Rongguang Wang , Yuying Wang , Mengqing Guo , Chenyang Li , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are evolving from passive observers into active agents, solving problems through Visual Expansion (invoking visual tools) and Knowledge Expansion (open-web search). However, existing evaluations fall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Qianshan Wei , Yishan Yang , Siyi Wang , Jinglin Chen , Binyu Wang , Jiaming Wang , Shuang Chen , Zechen Li , Yang Shi , Yuqi Tang , Weining Wang , Yi Yu , Chaoyou Fu , Qi Li , Yi-Fan Zhang

In this study, we introduced a new benchmark consisting of a curated dataset and a defined evaluation process to assess the compositional reasoning capabilities of large language models within the chemistry domain. We designed and validated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mohammad Khodadad , Ali Shiraee Kasmaee , Mahdi Astaraki , Nicholas Sherck , Hamidreza Mahyar , Soheila Samiee