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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) empowers large language models to autonomously plan and retrieve information for complex problem-solving. However, the development of robust agents is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhengwei Tao , Bo Li , Jialong Wu , Guochen Yan , Huanyao Zhang , Jiahao Xu , Haitao Mi , Wentao Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework to overcome the knowledge limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external retrieval with language generation. While early RAG systems based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jintao Liang , Gang Su , Huifeng Lin , You Wu , Rui Zhao , Ziyue Li

Conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) but often fall short on complex queries, delivering limited, extractive answers and struggling with multiple targeted retrievals or navigating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jean Lelong , Adnane Errazine , Annabelle Blangero

We introduce Agentic Reasoning, a framework that enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by integrating external tool-using agents. Agentic Reasoning dynamically leverages web search, code execution, and structured memory to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a new paradigm where the reasoning model decides when to invoke a retriever (as a "tool") when answering a question. This paradigm, exemplified by recent research works such as Search-R1,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Fangzheng Tian , Jinyuan Fang , Debasis Ganguly , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

Agentic search has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm, where an agent interleaves multi-step reasoning with on-demand retrieval to solve complex questions. Despite its success, how to design a retriever for agentic search remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Wenhan Liu , Xinyu Ma , Yutao Zhu , Yuchen Li , Daiting Shi , Dawei Yin , Zhicheng Dou

The rapid evolution of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) toward multimodal, high-stakes enterprise applications has outpaced the development of domain specific evaluation benchmarks. Existing datasets often rely on general-domain corpora…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chandan Kumar Sahu , Premith Kumar Chilukuri , Matthew Hetrich

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) augments large language models (LLM) by retrieving relevant knowledge, showing promising potential in mitigating LLM hallucinations and enhancing response quality, thereby facilitating the great adoption…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang

Recent advances in large reasoning models LRMs have enabled agentic search systems to perform complex multi-step reasoning across multiple sources. However, most studies focus on general information retrieval and rarely explores vertical…

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires systems to iteratively retrieve evidence and reason across multiple hops. While recent RAG and agentic methods report strong results, the underlying retrieval--reasoning \emph{process} is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelyu Ji , Zhuochun Li , Rui Meng , Daqing He

Enterprises increasingly need natural language (NL) question answering over hybrid data lakes that combine structured tables and unstructured documents. Current deployed solutions, including RAG-based systems, typically rely on brute-force…

Agentic retrieval improves multi-hop question answering by giving language models autonomy to iteratively gather evidence. Recent work augments these systems with knowledge graphs for structured traversal, but this combination introduces…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Stockton Jenkins , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak , Junjie Hu

Recent advances in large vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated generalizable open-vocabulary perception and reasoning, yet their real-robot manipulation capability remains unclear for long-horizon, closed-loop execution in…

Large language models (LLMs) continue to struggle with knowledge-intensive questions that require up-to-date information and multi-hop reasoning. Augmenting LLMs with hybrid external knowledge, such as unstructured text and structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Junhong Lin , Bing Zhang , Song Wang , Ziyan Liu , Dan Gutfreund , Julian Shun , Yada Zhu

Evaluating the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) solely from final answers can obscure failures in intermediate steps, especially in multi-hop QA benchmarks without step-level annotations. To address this gap, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xiaojie Gu , Sherry T. Tong , Aosong Feng , Sophia Simeng Han , Jinghui Lu , Yingjian Chen , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo , Chanjun Park , Rex Ying , Irene Li

Recent advances in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have shifted from simple vector similarity to structure-aware approaches like HippoRAG, which leverage Knowledge Graphs (KGs) and Personalized PageRank (PPR) to capture multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kwun Hang Lau , Fangyuan Zhang , Boyu Ruan , Yingli Zhou , Qintian Guo , Ruiyuan Zhang , Xiaofang Zhou

Agentic RAG is a powerful technique for incorporating external information that LLMs lack, enabling better problem solving and question answering. However, suboptimal search behaviors exist widely, such as over-search (retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Peilin Wu , Mian Zhang , Kun Wan , Wentian Zhao , Kaiyu He , Xinya Du , Zhiyu Chen

Iterative retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models to answer complex multi-hop questions, but each additional loop increases latency, costs, and the risk of introducing distracting evidence, motivating the need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jaewan Park , Solbee Cho , Jay-Yoon Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) extends large language models (LLMs) beyond parametric knowledge, yet it is unclear when iterative retrieval-reasoning loops meaningfully outperform static RAG, particularly in scientific domains with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mahdi Astaraki , Mohammad Arshi Saloot , Ali Shiraee Kasmaee , Hamidreza Mahyar , Soheila Samiee