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Autoregressive (AR) models have long dominated the landscape of large language models, driving progress across a wide range of tasks. Recently, diffusion-based language models have emerged as a promising alternative, though their advantages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mihir Prabhudesai , Mengning Wu , Amir Zadeh , Katerina Fragkiadaki , Deepak Pathak

Non-autoregressive (NAR) neural machine translation is usually done via knowledge distillation from an autoregressive (AR) model. Under this framework, we leverage large monolingual corpora to improve the NAR model's performance, with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Jiawei Zhou , Phillip Keung

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models, enabling parallel token generation while achieving competitive performance. Despite these advantages, MDMs face a fundamental limitation: once…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yair Schiff , Omer Belhasin , Roy Uziel , Guanghan Wang , Marianne Arriola , Gilad Turok , Michael Elad , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Mandarin-English code-switching (CS) is frequently used among East and Southeast Asian people. However, the intra-sentence language switching of the two very different languages makes recognizing CS speech challenging. Meanwhile, the recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Shun-Po Chuang , Heng-Jui Chang , Sung-Feng Huang , Hung-yi Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves factual grounding by incorporating external knowledge into language model generation. However, when retrieved context is noisy, unreliable, or inconsistent with the model's parametric knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jaemin Kim , Jong Chul Ye

This article describes an efficient end-to-end speech translation (E2E-ST) framework based on non-autoregressive (NAR) models. End-to-end speech translation models have several advantages over traditional cascade systems such as inference…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-10 Hirofumi Inaguma , Yosuke Higuchi , Kevin Duh , Tatsuya Kawahara , Shinji Watanabe

Recently very deep transformers have outperformed conventional bi-directional long short-term memory networks by a large margin in speech recognition. However, to put it into production usage, inference computation cost is still a serious…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-27 Nanxin Chen , Shinji Watanabe , Jesús Villalba , Najim Dehak

We introduce Autoregressive Diffusion Models (ARDMs), a model class encompassing and generalizing order-agnostic autoregressive models (Uria et al., 2014) and absorbing discrete diffusion (Austin et al., 2021), which we show are special…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Emiel Hoogeboom , Alexey A. Gritsenko , Jasmijn Bastings , Ben Poole , Rianne van den Berg , Tim Salimans

While Transformers have achieved promising results in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR), their autoregressive (AR) structure becomes a bottleneck for speeding up the decoding process. For real-world deployment, ASR systems…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-27 Keqi Deng , Zehui Yang , Shinji Watanabe , Yosuke Higuchi , Gaofeng Cheng , Pengyuan Zhang

Autoregressive (AR) models remain the standard for natural language generation but still suffer from high latency due to strictly sequential decoding. Recent diffusion-inspired approaches, such as LlaDA and Dream, mitigate this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qinglin Zhu , Yizhen Yao , Runcong Zhao , Yanzheng Xiang , Amrutha Saseendran , Chen Jin , Philip Teare , Bin Liang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Autoregressive (AR) models have been the dominating approach to conditional sequence generation, but are suffering from the issue of high inference latency. Non-autoregressive (NAR) models have been recently proposed to reduce the latency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Zhiqing Sun , Yiming Yang

Non-autoregressive (NAR) transformer models have been studied intensively in automatic speech recognition (ASR), and a substantial part of NAR transformer models is to use the casual mask to limit token dependencies. However, the casual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Chuan-Fei Zhang , Yan Liu , Tian-Hao Zhang , Song-Lu Chen , Feng Chen , Xu-Cheng Yin

Speech-to-text errors made by automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems negatively impact downstream models. Error correction models as a post-processing text editing method have been recently developed for refining the ASR outputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Ziji Zhang , Zhehui Wang , Rajesh Kamma , Sharanya Eswaran , Narayanan Sadagopan

Non-autoregressive (NAR) models generate all the tokens of a sequence in parallel, resulting in faster generation speed compared to their autoregressive (AR) counterparts but at the cost of lower accuracy. Different techniques including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Yi Ren , Jinglin Liu , Xu Tan , Zhou Zhao , Sheng Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

Non-autoregressive (NAR) machine translation has recently achieved significant improvements, and now outperforms autoregressive (AR) models on some benchmarks, providing an efficient alternative to AR inference. However, while AR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Sweta Agrawal , Julia Kreutzer , Colin Cherry

In this paper, we explore a new generative approach for learning visual representations. Our method, DARL, employs a decoder-only Transformer to predict image patches autoregressively. We find that training with Mean Squared Error (MSE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yazhe Li , Jorg Bornschein , Ting Chen

In this report, we explore the potential for text diffusion to replace autoregressive (AR) decoding for the training and deployment of large language models (LLMs). We are particularly interested to see whether pretrained AR models can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Kehang Han , Kathleen Kenealy , Aditya Barua , Noah Fiedel , Noah Constant

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) language models, offering properties such as parallel decoding, flexible generation orders, and the potential for fewer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jingyi Yang , Guanxu Chen , Xuhao Hu , Jing Shao

Non-autoregressive (NAR) generation, which is first proposed in neural machine translation (NMT) to speed up inference, has attracted much attention in both machine learning and natural language processing communities. While NAR generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Yisheng Xiao , Lijun Wu , Junliang Guo , Juntao Li , Min Zhang , Tao Qin , Tie-yan Liu

The attention-based encoder-decoder modeling paradigm has achieved promising results on a variety of speech processing tasks like automatic speech recognition (ASR), text-to-speech (TTS) and among others. This paradigm takes advantage of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-23 Shi-Yan Weng , Berlin Chen