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AI agents hold the potential to revolutionize scientific productivity by automating literature reviews, replicating experiments, analyzing data, and even proposing new directions of inquiry; indeed, there are now many such agents, ranging…

Agentic theorem provers combine a reasoning model, retrieval, search, and a proof assistant verifier, yet it remains unclear which components actually improve finite-budget proof success and why they help on real mathematical workloads. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Sho Sonoda , Shunta Akiyama , Yuya Uezato

Frontier deep research agents (DRAs) plan a research task, synthesize across documents, and return a structured deliverable on demand. They are being deployed in enterprise workflows faster than they are being evaluated. Existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tanmay Asthana , Aman Saksena , Divyansh Sahu

Evaluating the clinical correctness and reasoning fidelity of automatically generated medical imaging reports remains a critical yet unresolved challenge. Existing evaluation methods often fail to capture the structured diagnostic logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Suzhong Fu , Jingqi Dong , Xuan Ding , Rui Sun , Yiming Yang , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

Meta-analyses and systematic reviews demand rigorous abductive reasoning to build, test, and refine hypotheses across vast, heterogeneous literature. While NLP advancements have automated parts of this pipeline, existing tools often detach…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sizhe Cheng , Feng Liang , Yuhan Wen , Xipei Yu , Yong Wang

Deep reasoning is fundamental for solving complex tasks, especially in vision-centric scenarios that demand sequential, multimodal understanding. However, existing benchmarks typically evaluate agents with fully synthetic, single-turn…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare is constrained by knowledge limitations, hallucinations, and a disconnect from Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a solution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qiaoyu Zheng , Yuze Sun , Chaoyi Wu , Weike Zhao , Pengcheng Qiu , Yongguo Yu , Kun Sun , Jian Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and agent system designs have empowered agents with unprecedented levels of capability. However, existing agent benchmarks are showing a trend of rapid ceiling-hitting by newly developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Dadi Guo , Tianyi Zhou , Dongrui Liu , Chen Qian , Qihan Ren , Shuai Shao , Zhiyuan Fan , Yi R. Fung , Kun Wang , Linfeng Zhang , Jing Shao

With the development of foundation model (FM), agentic AI systems are getting more attention, yet their inherent issues like hallucination and poor reasoning, coupled with the frequent ad-hoc nature of system design, lead to unreliable and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Minh-Dung Dao , Quy Minh Le , Hoang Thanh Lam , Duc-Trong Le , Quoc-Viet Pham , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Recent agentic search frameworks enable deep research via iterative planning and retrieval, reducing hallucinations and enhancing factual grounding. However, they remain text-centric, overlooking the multimodal evidence that characterizes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fangda Ye , Zhifei Xie , Yuxin Hu , Yihang Yin , Shurui Huang , Shikai Dong , Jianzhu Bao , Shuicheng Yan

Data-driven scientific discovery requires the iterative integration of scientific domain knowledge, statistical expertise, and an understanding of data semantics to make nuanced analytical decisions, e.g., about which variables,…

The surge in scientific publications challenges traditional review methods, demanding tools that integrate structured metadata with full-text analysis. Hybrid Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, combining graph queries with vector…

Agentic systems are becoming more capable: agents define strategies, take actions, and interact with different environments. This autonomy poses serious challenges for overseeing and assessing agent behavior. Most current tools are limited,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

We introduce ResearchGym, a benchmark and execution environment for evaluating AI agents on end-to-end research. To instantiate this, we repurpose five oral and spotlight papers from ICML, ICLR, and ACL. From each paper's repository, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Aniketh Garikaparthi , Manasi Patwardhan , Arman Cohan

Designing high-performance system heuristics is a creative, iterative process requiring experts to form hypotheses and execute multi-step conceptual shifts. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automating this loop, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Pantea Karimi , Kimia Noorbakhsh , Mohammad Alizadeh , Hari Balakrishnan

As LLMs are increasingly deployed as agents, agentic reasoning - the ability to combine tool use, especially search, and reasoning - becomes a critical skill. However, it is hard to disentangle agentic reasoning when evaluated in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hanlin Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Song Mei , Stuart Russell , Nikhil Ghosh , Alberto Bietti , Jiantao Jiao

Design Research Methodology (DRM) supports systematic design research through representations such as Reference Models and Impact Models. However, the practical construction and maintenance of these models often remains manual, requiring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Apala Chakrabarti

Deep research agents have emerged as LLM-based systems designed to perform multi-step information seeking and reasoning over large, open-domain sources to answer complex questions by synthesizing information from multiple information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Mahta Rafiee , Heydar Soudani , Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Faegheh Hasibi , Hamed Zamani

Agent applications are increasingly adopted to automate workflows across diverse tasks. However, due to the heterogeneous domains they operate in, it is challenging to create a scalable evaluation framework. Prior works each employ their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Penny Chong , Harshavardhan Abichandani , Jiyuan Shen , Atin Ghosh , Min Pyae Moe , Yifan Mai , Daniel Dahlmeier

Autonomous AI agents capable of complex planning and action mark a shift beyond today's generative tools. As these systems enter political and economic life, who can access them, how capable they are, and how many can be deployed will shape…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Matthew Sharp , Omer Bilgin , Iason Gabriel , Lewis Hammond