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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs)-such as factual errors, outdated knowledge, and hallucinations-by dynamically retrieving external information. Recent work extends this paradigm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jingru Lin , Chen Zhang , Stephen Y. Liu , Haizhou Li

Information retrieval (IR) evaluation remains challenging due to incomplete IR benchmark datasets that contain unlabeled relevant chunks. While LLMs and LLM-human hybrid strategies reduce costly human effort, they remain prone to LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Minjeong Ban , Jeonghwan Choi , Hyangsuk Min , Nicole Hee-Yeon Kim , Minseok Kim , Jae-Gil Lee , Hwanjun Song

Deep research agents autonomously conduct open-ended investigations, integrating complex information retrieval with multi-step reasoning across diverse sources to solve real-world problems. To sustain this capability on long-horizon tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Bin Zhu , Qianghuai Jia , Tian Lan , Junyang Ren , Feng Gu , Feihu Jiang , Longyue Wang , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo

Deep Research (DR) is an emerging agent application that leverages large language models (LLMs) to address open-ended queries. It requires the integration of several capabilities, including multi-step reasoning, cross-document synthesis,…

Deep Research Agents (DRAs) aim to automatically produce analyst-level reports through iterative information retrieval and synthesis. However, most existing DRAs were validated on question-answering benchmarks, while research on generating…

As an embodiment of intelligence evolution toward interconnected architectures, Deep Research Agents (DRAs) systematically exhibit the capabilities in task decomposition, cross-source retrieval, multi-stage reasoning, information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yang Yao , Yixu Wang , Yuxuan Zhang , Yi Lu , Tianle Gu , Lingyu Li , Dingyi Zhao , Keming Wu , Haozhe Wang , Ping Nie , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Deep Research Agents (DRAs) generate citation-rich reports via multi-step search and synthesis, yet existing benchmarks mainly target text-only settings or short-form multimodal QA, missing end-to-end multimodal evidence use. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Peizhou Huang , Zixuan Zhong , Zhongwei Wan , Donghao Zhou , Samiul Alam , Xin Wang , Zexin Li , Zhihao Dou , Li Zhu , Jing Xiong , Chaofan Tao , Yan Xu , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Tuo Zhang , Mi Zhang

Evaluating agentic AI on open-ended professional tasks faces a fundamental dilemma between rigor and flexibility. Static rubrics provide rigorous, reproducible assessment but fail to accommodate diverse valid response strategies, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lanbo Lin , Jiayao Liu , Tianyuan Yang , Li Cai , Yuanwu Xu , Lei Wei , Sicong Xie , Guannan Zhang

We present $\textbf{Research Math Agents (RMA)}$, an agentic framework for automated reasoning on research-level mathematical problems. Unlike prior studies centered on competition mathematics or formal theorem proving, RMA targets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zelin Zhao , Bo Yuan , Jaemoo Choi , Yongxin Chen

We introduce Agentic Reasoning, a framework that enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by integrating external tool-using agents. Agentic Reasoning dynamically leverages web search, code execution, and structured memory to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Agentic search such as Deep Research systems-where agents autonomously browse the web, synthesize information, and return comprehensive citation-backed answers-represents a major shift in how users interact with web-scale information. While…

The advancement in Large Language Models has driven the creation of complex agentic systems, such as Deep Research Agents (DRAs), to overcome the limitations of static Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines in handling complex,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Saurav Prateek

Training trustworthy agentic LLMs requires data that shows the grounded reasoning process, not just the final answer. Existing datasets fall short: question-answering data is outcome-only, chain-of-thought data is not tied to specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Saber Zerhoudi , Michael Granitzer , Jelena Mitrovic

Recent advances in Deep Research Agents (DRAs) are transforming automated knowledge discovery and problem-solving. While the majority of existing efforts focus on enhancing policy capabilities via post-training, we propose an alternative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yuxuan Wan , Tianqing Fang , Zaitang Li , Yintong Huo , Wenxuan Wang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu , Michael R. Lyu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Diagnosing failure patterns in Deep Research Agents (DRAs) remains a critical challenge. Existing benchmarks predominantly rely on end-to-end evaluation, obscuring intermediate hallucinations that accumulate throughout the research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuhao Zhan , Tianyu Fan , Linxuan Huang , Zirui Guo , Chao Huang

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the development of autonomous agentic systems by enabling dynamic, context-aware task decomposition and automated tool selection. These sophisticated systems possess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Adrian Garret Gabriel , Alaa Alameer Ahmad , Shankar Kumar Jeyakumar

LLM agents are rapidly evolving from coding assistants into autonomous software engineering systems. However, existing evaluation methodologies remain largely centered on static, isolated, and short-horizon benchmarks that fail to capture…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yipeng Ouyang , Xin Huang , Bingjie Liu , Zhongchun Zheng , Yuhao Gu , Xianwei Zhang

Agentic memory systems enable large language model (LLM) agents to maintain state across long interactions, supporting long-horizon reasoning and personalization beyond fixed context windows. Despite rapid architectural development, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Songtao Wei , Jinxin Yang , Ayushi Kishore , Alysa Zhao , Dingyi Kang , Xu Hu , Feng Chen , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li