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Standard random-effects meta-analysis methods perform poorly when applied to few studies only. Such settings however are commonly encountered in practice. It is unclear, whether or to what extent small-sample-size behaviour can be improved…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-15 Svenja E. Seide , Christian Röver , Tim Friede

When analyzing incomplete data, is it better to use multiple imputation (MI) or full information maximum likelihood (ML)? In large samples ML is clearly better, but in small samples ML's usefulness has been limited because ML commonly uses…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-24 Paul T. von Hippel

The multivariate generalized Gaussian distribution (MGGD), also known as the multivariate exponential power (MEP) distribution, is widely used in signal and image processing. However, estimating MGGD parameters, which is required in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-13 Nora Ouzir , Frédéric Pascal , Jean-Christophe Pesquet

Researchers in data-rich disciplines---think of computational genomics and observational cosmology---often wish to mine large bodies of $p$-values looking for significant effects, while controlling the false discovery rate or family-wise…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-20 Edgar Dobriban

It is quite common in modern research, for a researcher to test many hypotheses. The statistical (frequentist) hypothesis testing framework, does not scale with the number of hypotheses in the sense that naively performing many hypothesis…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-06-26 Jonathan Rosenblatt

Differential Privacy (DP) provides an elegant mathematical framework for defining a provable disclosure risk in the presence of arbitrary adversaries; it guarantees that whether an individual is in a database or not, the results of a DP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Aleksandra Slavkovic , Roberto Molinari

Convergence results for averages of independent replications of counting processes are established in a $p$-variation setting and under certain assumptions. Such convergence results can be combined with functional differentiability results…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Morten Overgaard

High-dimensional tests are applied to find relevant sets of variables and relevant models. If variables are selected by analyzing the sums of products matrices and a corresponding mean-value test is performed, there is the danger that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-02-10 Juergen Laeuter , Maciej Rosolowski , Ekkehard Glimm

Minimizing the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is a key objective in machine learning and is commonly used for imputing missing values. While this approach provides accurate point estimates, it introduces systematic biases in downstream analyses.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-06 Stef van Buuren

Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to make causal claims. Standard MR approaches typically report a single population-averaged estimate, limiting their ability to explore effect heterogeneity or…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-16 Stephen Burgess , Benjamin A R Woolf , Amy M Mason

We propose a method for constructing p-values for general hypotheses in a high-dimensional linear model. The hypotheses can be local for testing a single regression parameter or they may be more global involving several up to all…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-10-14 Peter Bühlmann

Background: Pairwise and network meta-analyses using fixed effect and random effects models are commonly applied to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials. The models differ in their assumptions and the interpretation of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-04 Shijie Ren , Jeremy E. Oakley , John W. Stevens

The customary use of P-values in scientific research has been attacked as being ill-conceived, and the utility of P-values has been derided. This paper reviews common misconceptions about P-values and their alleged deficits as indices of…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-11-04 Michael J. Lew

We introduce a method for calculating \(p\)-values to test causal hypotheses in qualitative research \emph{a la} process tracing. As in an experiment, our \(p\)-value tells us how often one would make the same or more compelling…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-04 Matias Lopez , Jake Bowers

Standard methods for anomaly detection assume that all features are observed at both learning time and prediction time. Such methods cannot process data containing missing values. This paper studies five strategies for handling missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Thomas G. Dietterich , Tadesse Zemicheal

Random-effects meta-analyses have been widely applied in evidence synthesis for various types of medical studies. However, standard inference methods (e.g. restricted maximum likelihood estimation) usually underestimate statistical errors…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-13 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Hisashi Noma

Maximum pseudo-likelihood (MPL) is a semiparametric estimation method often used to obtain the dependence parameters in copula models from data. It has been shown that despite being consistent, and in some cases efficient, MPL estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-07 Alexandra Dias

Null hypothesis significance tests and p values are widely used despite very strong arguments against their use in many contexts. Confidence intervals are often recommended as an alternative, but these do not achieve the objective of…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-12 Michael Wood

We propose a new approach for sparse regression and marginal testing, for data with correlated features. Our procedure first clusters the features, and then chooses as the cluster prototype the most informative feature in that cluster. Then…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-16 Stephen Reid , Robert Tibshirani

In many fields of research null hypothesis significance tests and p values are the accepted way of assessing the degree of certainty with which research results can be extrapolated beyond the sample studied. However, there are very serious…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-14 Michael Wood