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Real-time streaming video understanding in domains such as autonomous driving and intelligent surveillance poses challenges beyond conventional offline video processing, requiring continuous perception, proactive decision making, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Haolin Yang , Feilong Tang , Lingxiao Zhao , Xinlin Zhuang , Yifan Lu , Xiang An , Ming Hu , Xiaofeng Zhang , Abdalla Swikir , Junjun He , Zongyuan Ge , Muhammad Haris Khan , Imran Razzak

As the context length of current large language models (LLMs) rapidly increases, the memory demand for the Key-Value (KV) cache is becoming a bottleneck for LLM deployment and batch processing. Traditional KV cache compression methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Aomufei Yuan , Zhiming Wang , Ruijie Miao , Dayu Wang , Yuxuan Tian , Zihan Wang , Yebo Peng , Yuhan Wu , Bairen Yi , Xin Liu , Tong Yang

Modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can reason over hour-long video, yet their key-value (KV) cache grows linearly with time-quickly exceeding the fixed memory of phones, AR glasses, and edge robots. Prior compression schemes…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Minsoo Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Jungwook Choi , Simyung Chang

Streaming Visual Geometry Transformers such as StreamVGGT enable strong online 3D perception, but their KV-cache grows unbounded over long streams, limiting practical deployment. We revisit bounded-memory streaming from the perspective of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhisong Xu , Takeshi Oishi

Recent advances in video-based multimodal large language models (Video-LLMs) have significantly improved video understanding by processing videos as sequences of image frames. However, many existing methods treat frames independently in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jindong Jiang , Xiuyu Li , Zhijian Liu , Muyang Li , Guo Chen , Zhiqi Li , De-An Huang , Guilin Liu , Zhiding Yu , Kurt Keutzer , Sungjin Ahn , Jan Kautz , Hongxu Yin , Yao Lu , Song Han , Wonmin Byeon

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance on offline video understanding, but most are limited to offline inference or have weak online reasoning, making multi-turn interaction over continuously arriving video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Lu Wang , Zhuoran Jin , Yupu Hao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Yulong Ao , Jun Zhao

Recent streaming video understanding methods increasingly rely on complex memory mechanisms to handle long video streams. We challenge this trend with a simple finding: a sliding-window baseline that feeds only the most recent N frames to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yujiao Shen , Shulin Tian , Jingkang Yang , Ziwei Liu

A well-known dilemma in large vision-language models (e.g., GPT-4, LLaVA) is that while increasing the number of vision tokens generally enhances visual understanding, it also significantly raises memory and computational costs, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Shiwei Wu , Joya Chen , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Qimeng Wang , Yan Gao , Qianli Xu , Tong Xu , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen , Mike Zheng Shou

Retrieval of live, user-broadcast video streams is an under-addressed and increasingly relevant challenge. The on-line nature of the problem requires temporal evaluation and the unforeseeable scope of potential queries motivates an approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-12-21 Spencer Cappallo , Thomas Mensink , Cees G. M. Snoek

Video large language models (VideoLLMs) show strong capability in video understanding, yet long-context inference is still dominated by massive redundant visual tokens in the prefill stage. We revisit token compression for VideoLLMs under a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinying Lin , Xuyang Liu , Yiyu Wang , Teng Ma , Wenqi Ren

Streaming video question answering (Streaming Video QA) poses distinct challenges for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), as video frames arrive sequentially and user queries can be issued at arbitrary time points. Existing solutions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Haocheng Lu , Nan Zhang , Wei Tao , Xiaoyang Qu , Guokuan Li , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang

As the scale of data and models for video understanding rapidly expand, handling long-form video input in transformer-based models presents a practical challenge. Rather than resorting to input sampling or token dropping, which may result…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Seon-Ho Lee , Jue Wang , Zhikang Zhang , David Fan , Xinyu Li

Most text-video retrieval methods utilize the text-image pre-trained models like CLIP as a backbone. These methods process each sampled frame independently by the image encoder, resulting in high computational overhead and limiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Leqi Shen , Tianxiang Hao , Tao He , Sicheng Zhao , Yifeng Zhang , Pengzhang Liu , Yongjun Bao , Guiguang Ding

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the development of Video-LLMs, advancing multimodal learning by bridging video data with language tasks. However, current video understanding models struggle with processing long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Haomiao Xiong , Zongxin Yang , Jiazuo Yu , Yunzhi Zhuge , Lu Zhang , Jiawen Zhu , Huchuan Lu

Benefiting from the advances in large language models and cross-modal alignment, existing multimodal large language models have achieved prominent performance in image and short video understanding. However, the understanding of long videos…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Haoji Zhang , Yiqin Wang , Yansong Tang , Yong Liu , Jiashi Feng , Xiaojie Jin

Recent advancements in Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkable reasoning capabilities and proficiency in generalization. However, processing a large number of visual tokens and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Kai Huang , Hao Zou , Bochen Wang , Ye Xi , Zhen Xie , Hao Wang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to support context windows exceeding one million tokens, the linear growth of Key-Value (KV) cache imposes severe memory capacity and bandwidth bottlenecks, constraining the efficiency of long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zhirui Chen , Peiyang Liu , Ling Shao

Large language models face significant computational and memory challenges when processing long contexts. During inference, efficient management of the key-value (KV) cache, which stores intermediate activations for autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuxuan Zhu , Ali Falahati , David H. Yang , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

Token-based video representation has emerged as a promising approach for enabling large language models (LLMs) to interpret video content. However, existing token reduction techniques, such as pruning and merging, often disrupt essential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haichao Zhang , Yun Fu

Streaming video requires handling dynamic information density under strict latency budgets. Yet, existing methods typically employ static strategies, such as fixed memory compression or reliance on a single model, forcing a trade-off: fast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinming Liu , Jianguo Huang , Zhaoyang Jia , Jiahao Li , Xiaoyi Zhang , Zongyu Guo , Bin Li , Wenjun Zeng , Yan Lu , Xin Jin