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While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve near-human performance on standard benchmarks, their capabilities often fail to generalize to complex, real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we introduce DeepQuestion, a scalable, automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Khoramfar , Ali Ramezani , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi , Heshaam Faili

Identifying specific and often complex behaviors from large language models (LLMs) in conversational settings is crucial for their evaluation. Recent work proposes novel techniques to find natural language prompts that induce specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jing Huang , Shujian Zhang , Lun Wang , Andrew Hard , Rajiv Mathews , John Lambert

Persona agents, which are LLM agents conditioned to act according to an assigned persona, enable contextually rich and user aligned interactions across domains like education and healthcare. However, evaluating how faithfully these agents…

Requirements elicitation is among the most communication-intensive activities in software engineering, yet it receives limited explicit treatment in undergraduate curricula. This paper presents a case study of an Introduction to Software…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Santiago Berrezueta-Guzman , Vanesa Metaj , Stefan Wagner

Properly defining a reward signal to efficiently train a reinforcement learning (RL) agent is a challenging task. Designing balanced objective functions from which a desired behavior can emerge requires expert knowledge, especially for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Timo Kaufmann , Jannis Blüml , Antonia Wüst , Quentin Delfosse , Kristian Kersting , Eyke Hüllermeier

We present SalesSim, a framework and testbed for evaluating the ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to simulate realistic, persona-driven customer behavior in multi-turn, multi-modal, tool-augmented online retail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yada Pruksachatkun , Elaine Wan , Lyanna Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Chien-Sheng Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in dialogue generation and reasoning, yet their effectiveness in eliciting user-known but concealed information in open-ended conversations remains limited. In many interactive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tao Wang , Jingyao Lu , Xibo Wang , Haonan Huang , Su Yao , Zhiqiang Hu , Xingyan Chen , Enmao Diao

The widespread adoption of chat interfaces based on Large Language Models (LLMs) raises concerns about promoting superficial learning and undermining the development of critical thinking skills. Instead of relying on LLMs purely for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Lucile Favero , Daniel Frases , Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz , Tanja Käser , Nuria Oliver

Existing tasks fall short in evaluating reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in an interactive, unknown environment. This deficiency leads to the isolated assessment of deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning, neglecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Congchi Yin , Tianyi Wu , Yankai Shu , Alex Gu , Yunhan Wang , Jun Shao , Xun Jiang , Piji Li

Formal specifications, such as pre- and post-conditions provide a solid basis for performing thorough program verification. However, developers rarely provide such formal specifications, hence if AI could help in constructing them, it would…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 I. S. W. B. Prasetya , Fitsum Kifetew , Davide Prandi

In this paper, we provide an overview of the NTCIR-18 Automatic Evaluation of LLMs (AEOLLM) task. As large language models (LLMs) grow popular in both academia and industry, how to effectively evaluate the capacity of LLMs becomes an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Junjie Chen , Haitao Li , Zhumin Chu , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown impressive performance in complex game AI and robotics tasks. To a large extent, this is thanks to the availability of simulated environments such as OpenAI Gym, Atari Learning Environment, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Rajkumar Ramamurthy , Rafet Sifa , Christian Bauckhage

Recommender systems (RecSys) are widely used across various modern digital platforms and have garnered significant attention. Traditional recommender systems usually focus only on fixed and simple recommendation scenarios, making it…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiani Huang , Shijie Wang , Liang-bo Ning , Wenqi Fan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Qing Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from static dialogue interfaces to autonomous general agents, effective memory is paramount to ensuring long-term consistency. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on casual conversation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haonan Bian , Zhiyuan Yao , Sen Hu , Zishan Xu , Shaolei Zhang , Yifu Guo , Ziliang Yang , Xueran Han , Huacan Wang , Ronghao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as educational tools, yet evaluating their teaching capabilities remains challenging due to the resource-intensive, context-dependent, and methodologically complex nature of teacher-student…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yao Shi , Rongkeng Liang , Yong Xu

Task-oriented conversational systems are essential for efficiently addressing diverse user needs, yet their development requires substantial amounts of high-quality conversational data that is challenging and costly to obtain. While large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zhefan Wang , Ning Geng , Zhiqiang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

Users typically engage with LLMs interactively, yet most existing benchmarks evaluate them in a static, single-turn format, posing reliability concerns in interactive scenarios. We identify a key obstacle towards reliability: LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Shuyue Stella Li , Vidhisha Balachandran , Shangbin Feng , Jonathan S. Ilgen , Emma Pierson , Pang Wei Koh , Yulia Tsvetkov

This paper introduces LingGym, a new benchmark that evaluates LLMs' capacity for meta-linguistic reasoning using Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT) and grammatical descriptions extracted from 18 typologically diverse reference grammars. Unlike…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Changbing Yang , Franklin Ma , Freda Shi , Jian Zhu

We introduce Meta MLGym and MLGym-Bench, a new framework and benchmark for evaluating and developing LLM agents on AI research tasks. This is the first Gym environment for machine learning (ML) tasks, enabling research on reinforcement…

Conversational question-answering (CQA) systems aim to create interactive search systems that effectively retrieve information by interacting with users. To replicate human-to-human conversations, existing work uses human annotators to play…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Yifei Yuan , Evangelos Kanoulas , Mohammad Aliannejadi