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Recent advances in AI research make it increasingly plausible that artificial agents with consequential real-world impact will soon operate beyond tightly controlled environments. Ensuring that these agents are not only safe but that they…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kevin Baum

Safe deployment of autonomous robots in diverse scenarios requires agents that are capable of efficiently adapting to new environments while satisfying constraints. In this work, we propose a practical and theoretically-justified approach…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Thomas Lew , Apoorva Sharma , James Harrison , Andrew Bylard , Marco Pavone

This position paper states that AI Alignment in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) should be considered a dynamic and interaction-dependent process that heavily depends on the social environment where agents are deployed, either collaborative,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Florian Carichon , Aditi Khandelwal , Marylou Fauchard , Golnoosh Farnadi

When should we delegate decisions to AI systems? While the value alignment literature has developed techniques for shaping AI values, less attention has been paid to how to determine, under uncertainty, when imperfect alignment is good…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Daniel A. Herrmann , Abinav Chari , Isabelle Qian , Sree Sharvesh , B. A. Levinstein

Designers of autonomous agents, whether in physical or virtual environments, need to express nondeterminisim, failure, and parallelism in behaviors, as well as accounting for synchronous coordination between agents. Behavior Trees are a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Chris Martens , Eric Butler , Joseph C. Osborn

We develop an equilibrium framework that relaxes the standard assumption that people have a correctly-specified view of their environment. Each player is characterized by a (possibly misspecified) subjective model, which describes the set…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2019-11-22 Ignacio Esponda , Demian Pouzo

As systems trend toward superintelligence, a natural modeling premise is that agents can self-improve along every facet of their own design. We formalize this with a five-axis decomposition and a decision layer, separating incentives from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Charles L. Wang , Keir Dorchen , Peter Jin

The prevailing paradigm in AI for physical systems (scaling general-purpose foundation models toward universal multimodal reasoning) confronts a fundamental barrier at the control interface. Recent benchmarks show that even frontier…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yoon Pyo Lee , Samrendra Roy , Jay Yoo , Kazuma Kobayashi , Sajedul Talukder , Seid Koric , Souvik Chakraborty , Syed Bahauddin Alam

The endowment of AI with reasoning capabilities and some degree of agency is widely viewed as a path toward more capable and generalizable systems. Our position is that the current development of agentic AI requires a more holistic,…

Understanding emerging behaviors of reinforcement learning (RL) agents may be difficult since such agents are often trained in complex environments using highly complex decision making procedures. This has given rise to a variety of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Mira Finkelstein , Lucy Liu , Nitsan Levy Schlot , Yoav Kolumbus , David C. Parkes , Jeffrey S. Rosenshein , Sarah Keren

Why do organizations comprised of intelligent individuals converge on collective delusion? This paper introduces dysmemic pressure as a formal mechanism explaining organizational epistemic failure. Synthesizing strategic communication…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-18 Jeremy McEntire

Event-driven scheduling policies are increasingly deployed in industrial environments, where decisions are made under asynchronous and partially observed system states. As a result, decision states are not temporally consistent, action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jonathan Hoss , Noah Klarmann

Aligning large language models with humans is challenging due to the inherently multifaceted nature of preference feedback. While existing approaches typically frame this as a multi-objective optimization problem, they often overlook how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mohamad Chehade , Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Souradip Chakraborty , Avinash Reddy , Dinesh Manocha , Hao Zhu , Amrit Singh Bedi

Strategic decision-making involves interactive reasoning where agents adapt their choices in response to others, yet existing evaluations of large language models (LLMs) often emphasize Nash Equilibrium (NE) approximation, overlooking the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jingru Jia , Zehua Yuan , Junhao Pan , Paul E. McNamara , Deming Chen

Safety alignment in language models operates through two mechanistically distinct systems: refusal neurons that gate whether harmful knowledge is expressed, and concept neurons that encode the harmful knowledge itself. By targeting a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hamid Kazemi , Atoosa Chegini , Maria Safi

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have catalyzed progress in embodied intelligence, a fundamental gap between their inherent probabilistic uncertainty and the strict determinism and verifiable safety required in the physical world. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tiehan Cui , Peipei Liu , Yanxu Mao , Congying Liu , Mingzhe Xing , Datao You

The acquisition of agentic capabilities has transformed LLMs from "knowledge providers" to "action executors", a trend that while expanding LLMs' capability boundaries, significantly increases their susceptibility to malicious use. Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jinchuan Zhang , Lu Yin , Yan Zhou , Songlin Hu

Identifying uncertainty and taking mitigating actions is crucial for safe and trustworthy reinforcement learning agents, especially when deployed in high-risk environments. In this paper, risk sensitivity is promoted in a model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Stefan Radic Webster , Peter Flach

Reliable pattern recognition systems should exhibit consistent behavior across similar inputs, and their explanations should remain stable. However, most Explainable AI evaluations remain instance centric and do not explicitly quantify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Abu Noman Md Sakib , Zhensen Wang , Merjulah Roby , Zijie Zhang

Highly capable AI systems could secretly pursue misaligned goals -- what we call "scheming". Because a scheming AI would deliberately try to hide its misaligned goals and actions, measuring and mitigating scheming requires different…