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In this work, we study the problem of finding Pareto optimal policies in multi-agent reinforcement learning problems with cooperative reward structures. We show that any algorithm where each agent only optimizes their reward is subject to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Bang Giang Le , Viet Cuong Ta

Motivated by applications in Game Theory, Optimization, and Generative Adversarial Networks, recent work of Daskalakis et al \cite{DISZ17} and follow-up work of Liang and Stokes \cite{LiangS18} have established that a variant of the widely…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Constantinos Daskalakis , Ioannis Panageas

The standard assumption in reinforcement learning (RL) is that agents observe feedback for their actions immediately. However, in practice feedback is often observed in delay. This paper studies online learning in episodic Markov decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Tiancheng Jin , Tal Lancewicki , Haipeng Luo , Yishay Mansour , Aviv Rosenberg

We show that natural classes of regularized learning algorithms with a form of recency bias achieve faster convergence rates to approximate efficiency and to coarse correlated equilibria in multiplayer normal form games. When each player in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-14 Vasilis Syrgkanis , Alekh Agarwal , Haipeng Luo , Robert E. Schapire

We show that, for any sufficiently small fixed $\epsilon > 0$, when both players in a general-sum two-player (bimatrix) game employ optimistic mirror descent (OMD) with smooth regularization, learning rate $\eta = O(\epsilon^2)$ and $T =…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Ioannis Anagnostides , Gabriele Farina , Ioannis Panageas , Tuomas Sandholm

A variety of practical problems can be modeled by the decision-making process in multi-player games where a group of self-interested players aim at optimizing their own local objectives, while the objectives depend on the actions taken by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-09 Yuanhanqing Huang , Jianghai Hu

Smooth minimax games often proceed by simultaneous or alternating gradient updates. Although algorithms with alternating updates are commonly used in practice, the majority of existing theoretical analyses focus on simultaneous algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Guodong Zhang , Yuanhao Wang , Laurent Lessard , Roger Grosse

We consider payoff-based learning of a generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) in multi-agent systems. Our focus is on games with jointly convex constraints of a linear structure and strongly monotone pseudo-gradients. We present a convergent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Tatiana Tatarenko , Maryam Kamgarpour

We develop several new algorithms for learning Markov Decision Processes in an infinite-horizon average-reward setting with linear function approximation. Using the optimism principle and assuming that the MDP has a linear structure, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Chen-Yu Wei , Mehdi Jafarnia-Jahromi , Haipeng Luo , Rahul Jain

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning is bottlenecked by the scarcity of high-quality process data. While self-alignment via endogenous rewards offers a solution, mining valid supervision faces three challenges: (1) Label…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanyu Chen , Jiyue Jiang , Dianzhi Yu , Zheng Wu , Jiahong Liu , Jiaming Han , Xiao Guo , Jinhu Qi , Yu Li , Yifei Zhang , Irwin King

According to the standard imitation protocol, a less successful player adopts the strategy of the more successful one faithfully for future success. This is the cornerstone of evolutionary game theory that explores the vitality of competing…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-27 Attila Szolnoki , Xiaojie Chen

First-order optimization methods tend to inherently favor certain solutions over others when minimizing an underdetermined training objective that has multiple global optima. This phenomenon, known as implicit bias, plays a critical role in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Guanghui Wang , Zihao Hu , Claudio Gentile , Vidya Muthukumar , Jacob Abernethy

We revisit the problem of solving two-player zero-sum games in the decentralized setting. We propose a simple algorithmic framework that simultaneously achieves the best rates for honest regret as well as adversarial regret, and in addition…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Ehsan Asadi Kangarshahi , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Mehmet Fatih Sahin , Volkan Cevher

We propose a multi-agent distributed reinforcement learning algorithm that balances between potentially conflicting short-term reward and sparse, delayed long-term reward, and learns with partial information in a dynamic environment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jing Tan , Ramin Khalili , Holger Karl

Consider a scenario where a player chooses an action in each round $t$ out of $T$ rounds and observes the incurred cost after a delay of $d_{t}$ rounds. The cost functions and the delay sequence are chosen by an adversary. We show that in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Ilai Bistritz , Zhengyuan Zhou , Xi Chen , Nicholas Bambos , Jose Blanchet

Large language models are typically aligned with human preferences by optimizing $\textit{reward models}$ (RMs) fitted to human feedback. However, human preferences are multi-faceted, and it is increasingly common to derive reward from a…

The study of learning in games has thus far focused primarily on normal form games. In contrast, our understanding of learning in extensive form games (EFGs) and particularly in EFGs with many agents lags far behind, despite them being…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Georgios Piliouras , Lillian Ratliff , Ryann Sim , Stratis Skoulakis

Knowledge of accurate relative skills in any competitive system is essential, but foundational approaches such as ELO discard extremely relevant performance data by concentrating exclusively on binary outcomes. While margin of victory (MOV)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Shivam Shorewala , Zihao Yang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) plays a significant role in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. While RLHF with expected reward constraints can be formulated as a primal-dual optimization problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yining Li , Peizhong Ju , Ness Shroff

Ill-posed linear inverse problems appear in many scientific setups, and are typically addressed by solving optimization problems, which are composed of data fidelity and prior terms. Recently, several works have considered a back-projection…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Tom Tirer , Raja Giryes