Related papers: Standards and Safety: an Overview
This paper describes the comprehensive safety framework that underpinned the development, release process, and regulatory approval of BMW's first SAE Level 3 Automated Driving System. The framework combines established qualitative and…
The performance and safe operation of a particle accelerator is closely connected to the transverse emittance of the beams it produces. For this reason many techniques have been developed over the years for monitoring the transverse…
Autonomous systems (AS) are systems that have the capability to take decisions free from direct human control. AS are increasingly being considered for adoption for applications where their behaviour may cause harm, such as when used for…
The commonly used metrics for motion prediction do not correlate well with a self-driving vehicle's system-level performance. The most common metrics are average displacement error (ADE) and final displacement error (FDE), which omit many…
Beam transfer, such as injection into or extraction from an accelerator, is one of the most critical moments in terms of machine protection in a high-intensity machine. Special equipment is used and machine protection aspects have to be…
Recent research has found that navigation systems usually assume that all roads are equally safe, directing drivers to dangerous routes, which led to catastrophic consequences. To address this problem, this paper aims to begin the process…
Single-vehicle accidents are the most common type of fatal accidents in Sweden, where a car drives off the road and runs into hazardous roadside objects. Proper installation and maintenance of protective objects, such as crash cushions and…
The ignition of flammable liquids and gases in offshore oil and gas environments is a major risk and can cause loss of life, serious injury, and significant damage to infrastructure. Power supplies that are used to provide regulated…
The European Union (EU) has long favored a risk-based approach to regulation. Such an approach is also used in recent cyber security legislation enacted in the EU. Risks are also inherently related to compliance with the new legislation.…
Recently, an increasingly growing number of companies is focusing on achieving self-driving systems towards SAE level 3 and higher. Such systems will have much more complex capabilities than today's advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)…
This paper describes a normative system design that incorporates diagnosis, dynamic evolution, decision making, and information gathering. A single influence diagram demonstrates the design's coherence, yet each activity is more effectively…
In this lecture we introduce from basic principles the main concepts of beam focusing and transport in modern accelerators using the beam envelope equationas a convenient mathematical tool. Matching conditions suitable for preserving beam…
This document gives a set of recommendations to build and manipulate the datasets used to develop and/or validate machine learning models such as deep neural networks. This document is one of the 3 documents defined in [1] to ensure the…
The integration of vision-language models (VLMs) is driving a new generation of embodied agents capable of operating in human-centered environments. However, as deployment expands, these systems face growing safety risks, particularly when…
Context: Today's safety critical systems are increasingly reliant on software. Software becomes responsible for most of the critical functions of systems. Many different safety analysis techniques have been developed to identify hazards of…
Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft are expected to be quieter and more cost-effective than helicopters, offering major economic and social benefits through improved connectivity. Their adoption will require new ground…
Motivations for physics beyond the Standard Model are reviewed, with particular emphasis on supersymmetry at the TeV scale. Constraints on the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model with universal soft supersymmetry-breaking…
The public, regulators, and domain experts alike seek to understand the effect of deployed SAE level 4 automated driving system (ADS) technologies on safety. The recent expansion of ADS technology deployments is paving the way for early…
The explosion in the performance of Machine Learning (ML) and the potential of its applications are strongly encouraging us to consider its use in industrial systems, including for critical functions such as decision-making in autonomous…
A safety verification task involves verifying a system against a desired safety property under certain assumptions about the environment. However, these environmental assumptions may occasionally be violated due to modeling errors or…