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The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created unprecedented demands for computational power, yet methods for evaluating the performance, efficiency, and environmental impact of deployed models remain fragmented. Current…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hongyuan Liu , Xinyang Liu , Guosheng Hu

Existing AI evaluation practices often fail to capture how systems actually perform in low-resource environments, where operational constraints shape usability as much as model quality. Through a structured analysis of existing benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aakash Pant , Kavya Shah , Apoorv Agnihotri , Sneha Nikam , Prasaanth Balraj , Nakul Jain

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) could transform many fields, but their fast development creates significant challenges for oversight, ethical creation, and building user trust. This comprehensive review looks at key trust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahdi Abdelguerfi , Elias Ioup , Kendall N. Niles , Ken Pathak , Steven Sloan

As artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics increasingly permeate society, ensuring the ethical behavior of these systems has become paramount. This paper contends that transparency in AI decision-making processes is fundamental to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ahmad Farooq , Kamran Iqbal

This paper reviews Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (TAI) and its various definitions. Considering the principles respected in any society, TAI is often characterized by a few attributes, some of which have led to confusion in regulatory…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Mohamad M Nasr-Azadani , Jean-Luc Chatelain

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has paved the way for revolutionary decision-making processes, which if harnessed appropriately, can contribute to advancements in various sectors, from healthcare to economics. However, its black box nature…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a highly transformative technology take on a special role as both an enabler and a threat to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). AI Ethics and emerging high-level policy efforts stand at the pivot point…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Mattias Brännström , Andreas Theodorou , Virginia Dignum

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has enabled the deployment of various systems based on it. However, many current AI systems are found vulnerable to imperceptible attacks, biased against underrepresented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Bo Li , Peng Qi , Bo Liu , Shuai Di , Jingen Liu , Jiquan Pei , Jinfeng Yi , Bowen Zhou

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including AI in Science (AIS), should be done following the principles of responsible AI. Progress in responsible AI is often quantified through evaluation metrics, yet there has been less…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Theresia Veronika Rampisela , Maria Maistro , Tuukka Ruotsalo , Christina Lioma

As AI systems enter high-stakes domains, evaluation must extend beyond predictive accuracy to include explainability, fairness, robustness, and sustainability. We introduce RAISE (Responsible AI Scoring and Evaluation), a unified framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Loc Phuc Truong Nguyen , Hung Thanh Do

Decisions made by various Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems greatly influence our day-to-day lives. With the increasing use of AI systems, it becomes crucial to know that they are fair, identify the underlying biases in their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Avinash Agarwal , Harsh Agarwal , Nihaarika Agarwal

Building trustworthy AI systems for mental health support is a shared priority across stakeholders from multiple disciplines. However, "trustworthy" remains loosely defined and inconsistently operationalized. AI research often focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Xin Sun , Yue Su , Yifan Mo , Qingyu Meng , Yuxuan Li , Saku Sugawara , Mengyuan Zhang , Charlotte Gerritsen , Sander L. Koole , Koen Hindriks , Jiahuan Pei

In collaborative systems with complex tasks relying on distributed resources, trust evaluation of potential collaborators has emerged as an effective mechanism for task completion. However, due to the network dynamics and varying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Botao Zhu , Xianbin Wang , Lei Zhang , Xuemin , Shen

This work focuses on the high carbon emissions generated by deep learning model training, specifically addressing the core challenge of balancing algorithm performance and energy consumption. It proposes an innovative two-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Xiang Li , Chong Zhang , Hongpeng Wang , Shreyank Narayana Gowda , Yushi Li , Xiaobo Jin

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have become increasingly popular in many areas. Nevertheless, AI technologies are still in their developing stages, and many issues need to be addressed. Among those, the reliability of AI systems needs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Yili Hong , Jiayi Lian , Li Xu , Jie Min , Yueyao Wang , Laura J. Freeman , Xinwei Deng

The future of Requirements Engineering (RE) is increasingly driven by artificial intelligence (AI), reshaping how we elicit, analyze, and validate requirements. Traditional RE is based on labor-intensive manual processes prone to errors and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Mateen Ahmed Abbasi , Petri Ihantola , Tommi Mikkonen , Niko Mäkitalo

Context: Blockchain and AI are increasingly explored to enhance trustworthiness in software engineering (SE), particularly in supporting software evolution tasks. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) using a predefined…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mohammad Naserameri , Juergen Rilling

Purpose: The governance of artificial iintelligence (AI) systems requires a structured approach that connects high-level regulatory principles with practical implementation. Existing frameworks lack clarity on how regulations translate into…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Avinash Agarwal , Manisha J. Nene

Data science is an integrated workflow of technical, analytical, communication, and ethical skills, but current AI benchmarks focus mostly on constituent parts. We test whether AI models can generate end-to-end data science projects. To do…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-02-17 Evelyn Hughes , Rohan Alexander

The overall rapid increase of artificial intelligence (AI) use is linked to various initiatives that propose AI 'for good'. However, there is a lack of transparency in the goals of such projects, as well as a missing evaluation of their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Theresa Züger , Laura State , Lena Winter