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In this paper, we address the problem of behavior-based cooperative navigation of mobile robots using safe multi-agent reinforcement learning~(MARL). Our work is the first to focus on cooperative navigation without individual reference…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Murad Dawood , Sicong Pan , Nils Dengler , Siqi Zhou , Angela P. Schoellig , Maren Bennewitz

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) suffers from the non-stationarity problem, which is the ever-changing targets at every iteration when multiple agents update their policies at the same time. Starting from first principle, in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Chuming Li , Jie Liu , Yinmin Zhang , Yuhong Wei , Yazhe Niu , Yaodong Yang , Yu Liu , Wanli Ouyang

Decentralized multi-agent control has broad applications, ranging from multi-robot cooperation to distributed sensor networks. In decentralized multi-agent control, systems are complex with unknown or highly uncertain dynamics, where…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-22 Qingrui Zhang , Hao Dong , Wei Pan

Most reinforcement learning (RL) approaches for the decision-making of autonomous driving consider safety as a reward instead of a cost, which makes it hard to balance the tradeoff between safety and other objectives. Human risk preference…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yang Li , Shijie Yuan , Yuan Chang , Xiaolong Chen , Qisong Yang , Zhiyuan Yang , Hongmao Qin

Recent Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) literature has been largely focused on Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) paradigm. CTDE has been a dominant approach for both cooperative and mixed environments due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Vladimir Egorov , Aleksei Shpilman

Multi-agent systems have evolved into practical LLM-driven collaborators for many applications, gaining robustness from diversity and cross-checking. However, multi-agent RL (MARL) training is resource-intensive and unstable: co-adapting…

Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP) is a natural framework for reinforcement learning tasks with safety constraints, where agents learn a policy that maximizes the long-term reward while satisfying the constraints on the long-term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Qingkai Liang , Fanyu Que , Eytan Modiano

The application of deep reinforcement learning in multi-agent systems introduces extra challenges. In a scenario with numerous agents, one of the most important concerns currently being addressed is how to develop sufficient collaboration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Bin Zhang , Yunpeng Bai , Zhiwei Xu , Dapeng Li , Guoliang Fan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in Traffic Signal Control (TSC) faces significant hurdles in real-world deployment due to limited generalization to dynamic traffic flow variations. Existing approaches often overfit static patterns and use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sheng-You Huang , Hsiao-Chuan Chang , Yen-Chi Chen , Ting-Han Wei , I-Hau Yeh , Sheng-Yao Kuan , Chien-Yao Wang , Hsuan-Han Lee , I-Chen Wu

We address the problem of safe policy learning in multi-agent safety-critical autonomous systems. In such systems, it is necessary for each agent to meet the safety requirements at all times while also cooperating with other agents to…

While there has been substantial success for solving continuous control with actor-critic methods, simpler critic-only methods such as Q-learning find limited application in the associated high-dimensional action spaces. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Tim Seyde , Peter Werner , Wilko Schwarting , Igor Gilitschenski , Martin Riedmiller , Daniela Rus , Markus Wulfmeier

Finding the optimal signal timing strategy is a difficult task for the problem of large-scale traffic signal control (TSC). Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a promising method to solve this problem. However, there is still room…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Xiaoqiang Wang , Liangjun Ke , Zhimin Qiao , Xinghua Chai

A Markov Decision Process (MDP) is a popular model for reinforcement learning. However, its commonly used assumption of stationary dynamics and rewards is too stringent and fails to hold in adversarial, nonstationary, or multi-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Tiancheng Yu , Suvrit Sra

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly used to perform complex, multi-step workflows in regulated settings such as compliance and due diligence. However, many agentic architectures rely primarily on prompt engineering of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ananya Joshi , Michael Rudow

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is typically formalised as a Decentralised Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (Dec-POMDP), where agents must reason about the environment and other agents' behaviour. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Kale-ab Abebe Tessera , Leonard Hinckeldey , Riccardo Zamboni , David Abel , Amos Storkey

In most existing studies on large-scale multi-agent coordination, the control methods aim to learn discrete policies for agents with finite choices. They rarely consider selecting actions directly from continuous action spaces to provide…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Yining Chen , Ke Wang , Guanghua Song , Xiaohong Jiang

We study the problem of learning multi-task, multi-agent policies for cooperative, temporal objectives, under centralized training, decentralized execution. In this setting, using automata to represent tasks enables the decomposition of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Beyazit Yalcinkaya , Marcell Vazquez-Chanlatte , Ameesh Shah , Hanna Krasowski , Sanjit A. Seshia

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) approaches have emerged as popular solutions to address the general challenges of cooperation in multi-agent environments, where the success of achieving shared or individual goals critically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Reza Azadeh

Due to information asymmetry, finding optimal policies for Decentralized Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (Dec-POMDPs) is hard with the complexity growing doubly exponentially in the horizon length. The challenge increases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Hsu Kao , Vijay Subramanian

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has exploded in popularity in recent years. While numerous approaches have been developed, they can be broadly categorized into three main types: centralized training and execution (CTE),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Christopher Amato