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From software development to robot control, modern agentic systems decompose complex objectives into a sequence of subtasks and choose a set of specialized AI agents to complete them. We formalize agentic workflows as directed acyclic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Guruprerana Shabadi , Rajeev Alur

Traditional software relies on contracts -- APIs, type systems, assertions -- to specify and enforce correct behavior. AI agents, by contrast, operate on prompts and natural language instructions with no formal behavioral specification.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Varun Pratap Bhardwaj

Intelligent agents, such as robots, are increasingly deployed in real-world, human-centric environments. To foster appropriate human trust and meet legal and ethical standards, these agents must be able to explain their behavior. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhang Xi-Jia , Yue Guo , Shufei Chen , Simon Stepputtis , Matthew Gombolay , Katia Sycara , Joseph Campbell

Agentic AI applications increasingly rely on multiple agents with distinct roles, specialized tools, and access to memory layers to solve complex tasks -- closely resembling service-oriented architectures. Yet, in the rapid evolving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Alessandro Cornacchia , Vaastav Anand , Muhammad Bilal , Zafar Qazi , Marco Canini

Traditionally the integration of data from multiple sources is done on an ad-hoc basis for each analysis scenario and application. This is a solution that is inflexible, incurs in high costs, leads to "silos" that prevent sharing data…

AI agents are increasingly embedded in real software systems, where they execute multi-step workflows through multi-turn dialogue, tool invocations, and intermediate decisions. These long execution histories, called agentic traces, make…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Reshabh K Sharma , Shraddha Barke , Benjamin Zorn

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, expected to decompose goals, invoke tools, and verify results in dynamic environments. Realizing these capabilities requires access to agentic data-structured interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Abhigya Verma , Seganrasan Subramanian , Nandhakumar Kandasamy , Naman Gupta

Agentic AI systems are emerging as powerful tools for automating complex, multi-step tasks across various industries. One such industry is telecommunications, where the growing complexity of next-generation radio access networks (RANs)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Sotiris Chatzimiltis , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Mohammad Shojafar , Merouane Debbah , Rahim Tafazolli

Autonomous Intelligent Agents are employed in many applications upon which the life and welfare of living beings and vital social functions may depend. Therefore, agents should be trustworthy. A priori certification techniques (i.e.,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Stefania Costantini

Many potential applications of reinforcement learning in the real world involve interacting with other agents whose numbers vary over time. We propose new neural policy architectures for these multi-agent problems. In contrast to other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Matthew A. Wright , Roberto Horowitz

Cybersecurity decision-making increasingly occurs in environments characterized by uncertainty, partial observability, and adversarial manipulation, where heterogeneous signals from multiple sources are often incomplete, ambiguous, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Andrei Kojukhov , Arkady Bovshover

The emergence of agent-to-agent communication protocols mirrors the early internet: powerful connectivity with minimal security infrastructure. When AI agents communicate on behalf of users, every message crosses a trust boundary where the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Eugene Bagdasarian , Per Ola Kristensson , Reza Shokri

Advances in logic programming and increasing industrial uptake of Datalog-inspired approaches demonstrate the emerging need to express powerful code analyses more easily. Declarative program analysis frameworks (e.g., using logic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Rijnard van Tonder

Foundation models have reshaped AI by unifying fragmented architectures into scalable backbones with multimodal reasoning and contextual adaptation. In parallel, the long-standing notion of AI agents, defined by the sensing-decision-action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Sicong Liu , Weiye Wu , Xiangrui Xu , Teng Li , Bowen Pang , Bin Guo , Zhiwen Yu

Deployed, autonomous AI systems must often evaluate multiple plausible courses of action (extended sequences of behavior) in novel or under-specified contexts. Despite extensive training, these systems will inevitably encounter scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Steven J. Jones , Robert E. Wray , John E. Laird

The emergence of Agentic AI systems has outpaced the architectural thinking required to operate them effectively. These agents differ fundamentally from traditional software: their behavior is not fixed at deployment but continuously shaped…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shaunak Biswas , Hiya Bhatt , Karthik Vaidhyanathan

The prevailing paradigm in AI for physical systems (scaling general-purpose foundation models toward universal multimodal reasoning) confronts a fundamental barrier at the control interface. Recent benchmarks show that even frontier…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yoon Pyo Lee , Samrendra Roy , Jay Yoo , Kazuma Kobayashi , Sajedul Talukder , Seid Koric , Souvik Chakraborty , Syed Bahauddin Alam

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) from static instruction-followers to autonomous agents necessitates operating within complex, stateful environments to achieve precise state-transition objectives. However, this paradigm is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yucheng Zeng , Weipeng Lu , Linyun Liu , Shupeng Li , Zitian Qu , Chenghao Zhu , Shaofei Li , Zhengdong Tan , Mengyue Liu , Haotian Zhao , Zhe Zhou , Jianmin Wu

Training trustworthy agentic LLMs requires data that shows the grounded reasoning process, not just the final answer. Existing datasets fall short: question-answering data is outcome-only, chain-of-thought data is not tied to specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Saber Zerhoudi , Michael Granitzer , Jelena Mitrovic

Agentic AI coding systems can inspect repositories, plan implementation steps, edit files, call tools, run tests, and submit pull requests. These capabilities make software and hardware development faster in some settings, but current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Christopher Koch
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