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This paper addresses the challenge of ensuring realistic traffic conditions by proposing a methodology that systematically identifies traffic simulation requirements. Using a structured approach based on sub-goals in each study phase,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Sven Tarlowski , Lutz Eckstein

Recently, numerous studies have investigated cooperative traffic systems using the communication among vehicle-to-everything (V2X). Unfortunately, when multiple autonomous vehicles are deployed while exposed to communication failure, there…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Daegyu Lee , Hyunki Seong , Seungil Han , Gyuree Kang , D. Hyunchul Shim , Yoonjin Yoon

Scenario-based testing is a promising method to develop, verify and validate automated driving systems (ADS) since pure on-road testing seems inefficient for complex traffic environments. A major challenge for this approach is the provision…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Michael Schuldes , Christoph Glasmacher , Lutz Eckstein

Eco-driving strategies have demonstrated substantial potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions, especially at signalized intersections. However, evaluations of eco-driving methods typically rely on simplified…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhaohui Liang , Chengyuan Ma , Keke Long , Xiaopeng Li

Safety is a long-standing and the final pursuit in the development of autonomous driving systems, with a significant portion of safety challenge arising from perception. How to effectively evaluate the safety as well as the reliability of…

Scenario-based testing is an indispensable instrument for the comprehensive validation and verification of automated vehicles (AVs). However, finding a manageable and finite, yet representative subset of scenarios in a scalable, possibly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ferdinand Mütsch , Maximilian Zipfl , Nikolai Polley , J. Marius Zöllner

Autonomous agents are increasingly being proposed for use in healthcare, assistive care, education, and other applications governed by complex human-centric norms. To ensure compliance with these norms, the rules they induce need to be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Sinem Getir Yaman , Ana Cavalcanti , Radu Calinescu , Colin Paterson , Pedro Ribeiro , Beverley Townsend

Reliable collision avoidance under extreme situations remains a critical challenge for autonomous vehicles. While large language models (LLMs) offer promising reasoning capabilities, their application in safety-critical evasive maneuvers is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shiyue Zhao , Junzhi Zhang , Neda Masoud , Heye Huang , Xiaohui Hou , Chengkun He

Vehicular traffic is a classical example of a multi-agent system in which autonomous drivers operate in a shared environment. The article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in microscopic traffic modeling and the implications for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-10-26 Arne Kesting , Martin Treiber , Dirk Helbing

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have seen rapid progress in recent years. To ensure the safety and reliability of these systems, extensive testings are being conducted before their future mass deployment. Testing the system on the road is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ziyuan Zhong , Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Vania de Oliveira Neves , Yang Liu , Baishakhi Ray

Navigating complex urban environments safely is a key to realize fully autonomous systems. Predicting future locations of vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians and cyclists, thus, has received a lot of attention in the recent years.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Tessa van der Heiden , Naveen Shankar Nagaraja , Christian Weiss , Efstratios Gavves

Accurate identification of important objects in the scene is a prerequisite for safe and high-quality decision making and motion planning of intelligent agents (e.g., autonomous vehicles) that navigate in complex and dynamic environments.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Jiachen Li , Haiming Gang , Hengbo Ma , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Chiho Choi

Video generation models, as one form of world models, have emerged as one of the most exciting frontiers in AI, promising agents the ability to imagine the future by modeling the temporal evolution of complex scenes. In autonomous driving,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yang Zhou , Hao Shao , Letian Wang , Zhuofan Zong , Hongsheng Li , Steven L. Waslander

One of the main challenges in developing autonomous transport systems based on connected and automated vehicles is the comprehension and understanding of the environment around each vehicle. In many situations, the understanding is limited…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-03 Vandana Narri , Amr Alanwar , Jonas Mårtensson , Christoffer Norén , Laura Dal Col , Karl Henrik Johansson

We consider the problem of generating realistic traffic scenes automatically. Existing methods typically insert actors into the scene according to a set of hand-crafted heuristics and are limited in their ability to model the true…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Shuhan Tan , Kelvin Wong , Shenlong Wang , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Mengye Ren , Raquel Urtasun

The large-scale deployment of automated vehicles on public roads has the potential to vastly change the transportation modalities of today's society. Although this pursuit has been initiated decades ago, there still exist open challenges in…

Enabling socially acceptable behavior for situated agents is a major goal of recent robotics research. Robots should not only operate safely around humans, but also abide by complex social norms. A key challenge for developing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Sören Pirk , Edward Lee , Xuesu Xiao , Leila Takayama , Anthony Francis , Alexander Toshev

Autonomous vehicles (AV) look set to become common on our roads within the next few years. However, to achieve the final breakthrough, not only functional progress is required, but also satisfactory safety assurance must be provided. Among…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini , Cornelius Buerkle , Fabian Oboril , Michael Paulitsch

Automated vehicles (AVs) are tested in diverse scenarios, typically specified by parameters such as velocities, distances, or curve radii. To describe scenarios uniformly independent of such parameters, this paper proposes a vectorized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Max Winkelmann , Constantin Vasconi , Steffen Müller

Assessing scenario coverage is crucial for evaluating the robustness of autonomous agents, yet existing methods rely on expensive human annotations or computationally intensive Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). These approaches are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Anil Yildiz , Sarah M. Thornton , Carl Hildebrandt , Sreeja Roy-Singh , Mykel J. Kochenderfer
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