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Autonomous driving has made significant progress in both academia and industry, including performance improvements in perception task and the development of end-to-end autonomous driving systems. However, the safety and robustness…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jingzheng Li , Xianglong Liu , Shikui Wei , Zhijun Chen , Bing Li , Qing Guo , Xianqi Yang , Yanjun Pu , Jiakai Wang

Benchmarking autonomous driving planners to align with human judgment remains a critical challenge, as state-of-the-art metrics like the Extended Predictive Driver Model Score (EPDMS) lack context awareness in nuanced scenarios. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jingyu Song , Zhenxin Li , Shiyi Lan , Xinglong Sun , Nadine Chang , Maying Shen , Joshua Chen , Katherine A. Skinner , Jose M. Alvarez

A major challenge in the safety assessment of automated vehicles is to ensure that risk for all traffic participants is as low as possible. A concept that is becoming increasingly popular for testing in automated driving is scenario-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Maximilian Zipfl , Barbara Schütt , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

In recent years, control under urban intersection scenarios becomes an emerging research topic. In such scenarios, the autonomous vehicle confronts complicated situations since it must deal with the interaction with social vehicles timely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Yuqi Liu , Qichao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao

This paper presents a scenario generation framework that creates diverse, parametrized, and safety-critical driving situations to validate the safety features of autonomous vehicles in simulation [15]. By modeling factors such as road…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Moj Arab

Behavior prediction remains one of the most challenging tasks in the autonomous vehicle (AV) software stack. Forecasting the future trajectories of nearby agents plays a critical role in ensuring road safety, as it equips AVs with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Francis Indaheng , Edward Kim , Kesav Viswanadha , Jay Shenoy , Jinkyu Kim , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia

Ensuring the functional correctness and safety of autonomous vehicles is a major challenge for the automotive industry. However, exhaustive physical test drives are not feasible, as billions of driven kilometers would be required to obtain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Barbara Schuett , Thilo Braun , Stefan Otten , Eric Sax

Benchmarking is a common method for evaluating trajectory prediction models for autonomous driving. Existing benchmarks rely on datasets, which are biased towards more common scenarios, such as cruising, and distance-based metrics that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Changhe Chen , Mozhgan Pourkeshavarz , Amir Rasouli

Scenario-based testing is envisioned as a key approach for the safety assurance of autonomous vehicles. In scenario-based testing, relevant (driving) scenarios are the basis of tests. Many recent works focus on specification, variation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Till Schallau , Stefan Naujokat , Fiona Kullmann , Falk Howar

Intelligent driving systems aim to achieve a zero-collision mobility experience, requiring interdisciplinary efforts to enhance safety performance. This work focuses on risk identification, the process of identifying and analyzing risks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Chi-Hsi Kung , Chieh-Chi Yang , Pang-Yuan Pao , Shu-Wei Lu , Pin-Lun Chen , Hsin-Cheng Lu , Yi-Ting Chen

As autonomous vehicle technology advances, the precise assessment of safety in complex traffic scenarios becomes crucial, especially in mixed-vehicle environments where human perception of safety must be taken into account. This paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Enrico Del Re , Amirhesam Aghanouri , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

Safety-critical scenarios are central to evaluating autonomous driving systems, yet their rarity in naturalistic logs makes simulation-based stress testing indispensable. Most scenario generation methods treat surrounding agents as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qiyu Ruan , Yuxuan Wang , He Li , Zhenning Li , Cheng-zhong Xu

As autonomous AI agents are increasingly deployed in high-stakes environments, ensuring their safety and alignment with human values is becoming a practical deployment concern. Current benchmarks for AI agents primarily evaluate refusal of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Martin Weiss , Pulei Xiong , Khalil Al-Hussaeni , Claude Fachkha

For autonomous vehicles, safe navigation in complex environments depends on handling a broad range of diverse and rare driving scenarios. Simulation- and scenario-based testing have emerged as key approaches to development and validation of…

End-to-end autonomous driving has witnessed rapid progress, yet existing benchmarks are increasingly saturated, with state-of-the-art models achieving near-perfect scores on widely used open-loop and closed-loop benchmarks. This saturation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhongyu Xia , Guanyu Zhu , Guo Tang , Wenhao Chen , Yongtao Wang

The development of new assessment methods for the performance of automated vehicles is essential to enable the deployment of automated driving technologies, due to the complex operational domain of automated vehicles. One contributing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-28 E. de Gelder , J. -P. Paardekooper , A. Khabbaz Saberi , H. Elrofai , O. Op den Camp. , S. Kraines , J. Ploeg , B. De Schutter

We propose a new probabilistic programming language for the design and analysis of cyber-physical systems, especially those based on machine learning. Specifically, we consider the problems of training a system to be robust to rare events,…

The development of software components for autonomous driving functions should always include an extensive and rigorous evaluation. Since real-world testing is expensive and safety-critical -- especially when facing dynamic racing scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Tim Stahl , Johannes Betz

Monocular scene understanding is a foundational component of autonomous systems. Within the spectrum of monocular perception topics, one crucial and useful task for holistic 3D scene understanding is semantic scene completion (SSC), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yiming Li , Sihang Li , Xinhao Liu , Moonjun Gong , Kenan Li , Nuo Chen , Zijun Wang , Zhiheng Li , Tao Jiang , Fisher Yu , Yue Wang , Hang Zhao , Zhiding Yu , Chen Feng

Accurate perception of dynamic traffic scenes is crucial for high-level autonomous driving systems, requiring robust object motion estimation and instance segmentation. However, traditional methods often treat them as separate tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yinqi Chen , Meiying Zhang , Qi Hao , Guang Zhou
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