English
Related papers

Related papers: A Content-Based Framework for Cybersecurity Refusa…

200 papers

Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on safety alignment to obey safe requests while refusing harmful ones. However, traditional refusal mechanisms often lead to "rigid rejection," where a general template (e.g., "I cannot fulfill this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ying Zhang , Congyu Qiao , Xin Geng , Ning Xu

Current LLMs are trained to refuse potentially harmful input queries regardless of whether users actually had harmful intents, causing a tradeoff between safety and user experience. Through a study of 480 participants evaluating 3,840…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Mingqian Zheng , Wenjia Hu , Patrick Zhao , Motahhare Eslami , Jena D. Hwang , Faeze Brahman , Carolyn Rose , Maarten Sap

With the growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in critical areas, ensuring their security against jailbreaking attacks is paramount. While traditional defenses primarily rely on refusing malicious prompts, recent logit-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yassine Rachidy , Jihad Rbaiti , Youssef Hmamouche , Faissal Sehbaoui , Amal El Fallah Seghrouchni

Key global challenges of our times are characterized by complex interdependencies and can only be effectively addressed through an integrated, participatory effort. Conventional risk analysis frameworks often reduce complexity to ensure…

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly serve as knowledge interfaces, yet systematically assessing their reliability with conflicting information remains difficult. We propose an RDF-based framework to assess multilingual LLM quality,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jonas Gwozdz , Andreas Both

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming a prominent generative AI tool, where the user enters a query and the LLM generates an answer. To reduce harm and misuse, efforts have been made to align these LLMs to human values using advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xiaomeng Hu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

As vision-language models (VLMs) become increasingly capable, maintaining a balance between safety and usefulness remains a central challenge. Safety mechanisms, while essential, can backfire, causing over-refusal, where models decline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kaixuan Ren , Preslav Nakov , Usman Naseem

With the enhanced performance of large models on natural language processing tasks, potential moral and ethical issues of large models arise. There exist malicious attackers who induce large models to jailbreak and generate information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Qianqiao Xu , Zhiliang Tian , Hongyan Wu , Zhen Huang , Yiping Song , Feng Liu , Dongsheng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), offering transformative capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, with their rising prominence, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Arijit Ghosh Chowdhury , Md Mofijul Islam , Vaibhav Kumar , Faysal Hossain Shezan , Vaibhav Kumar , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

The recent explosion in the capabilities of large language models has led to a wave of interest in how best to prompt a model to perform a given task. While it may be tempting to simply choose a prompt based on average performance on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Thomas P. Zollo , Todd Morrill , Zhun Deng , Jake C. Snell , Toniann Pitassi , Richard Zemel

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in fields such as finance, education, and governance due to their ability to generate human-like text and adapt to specialized tasks. However, their widespread adoption raises critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yu Wang , Cailing Cai , Zhihua Xiao , Peifung E. Lam

The recent growth in the use of Large Language Models has made them vulnerable to sophisticated adversarial assaults, manipulative prompts, and encoded malicious inputs. Existing countermeasures frequently necessitate retraining models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sheikh Samit Muhaimin , Spyridon Mastorakis

It is increasingly important to evaluate how text generation systems based on large language models (LLMs) behave, such as their tendency to produce harmful output or their sensitivity to adversarial inputs. Such evaluations often rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Rachel Longjohn , Shang Wu , Saatvik Kher , Catarina Belém , Padhraic Smyth

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success but remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, in which adversarial prompts coerce models into generating harmful, unethical, or policy-violating outputs. Such attacks pose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Feiyue Xu , Hongsheng Hu , Chaoxiang He , Sheng Hang , Hanqing Hu , Xiuming Liu , Yubo Zhao , Zhengyan Zhou , Bin Benjamin Zhu , Shi-Feng Sun , Dawu Gu , Shuo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are often deployed to perform constrained tasks, with narrow domains. For example, customer support bots can be built on top of LLMs, relying on their broad language understanding and capabilities to enhance…

Recent advancements in natural language processing have highlighted the vulnerability of deep learning models to adversarial attacks. While various defence mechanisms have been proposed, there is a lack of comprehensive benchmarks that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Yang Wang , Chenghua Lin

The generation of feasible adversarial examples is necessary for properly assessing models that work in constrained feature space. However, it remains a challenging task to enforce constraints into attacks that were designed for computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Thibault Simonetto , Salijona Dyrmishi , Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

Despite the impressive adaptability of large language models (LLMs), challenges remain in ensuring their security, transparency, and interpretability. Given their susceptibility to adversarial attacks, LLMs need to be defended with an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tomas Bueno Momcilovic , Beat Buesser , Giulio Zizzo , Mark Purcell , Dian Balta

Contextual priming, where earlier stimuli covertly bias later judgments, offers an unexplored attack surface for large language models (LLMs). We uncover a contextual priming vulnerability in which the previous response in the dialogue can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Ziqi Miao , Lijun Li , Yuan Xiong , Zhenhua Liu , Pengyu Zhu , Jing Shao

Single-turn safety evaluation is a poor proxy for real fraud defense, where attackers escalate across multiple rounds. This paper evaluates fraud defenders under replay and adaptive multi-round attacks and measures when a defender refuses,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Laura Jiang , Reza Ryan , Qian Li , Nasim Ferdosian