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Personalizing combination therapies in oncology requires navigating an immense space of possible drug and dose combinations, a task that remains largely infeasible through exhaustive experimentation. Recent developments in patient-derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Antoine de Mathelin , Christopher Tosh , Wesley Tansey

Cold-start problem is a fundamental challenge for recommendation tasks. The recent self-supervised learning (SSL) on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) model, PT-GNN, pre-trains the GNN model to reconstruct the cold-start embeddings and has shown…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Bowen Hao , Hongzhi Yin , Jing Zhang , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Information Retrieval (IR) systems used in search and recommendation platforms frequently employ Learning-to-Rank (LTR) models to rank items in response to user queries. These models heavily rely on features derived from user interactions,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Randy Ardywibowo , Rakesh Sunki , Lucy Kuo , Sankalp Nayak

Cold-start item recommendation is a long-standing challenge in recommendation systems. A common remedy is to use a content-based approach, but rich information from raw contents in various forms has not been fully utilized. In this paper,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Jooeun Kim , Jinri Kim , Kwangeun Yeo , Eungi Kim , Kyoung-Woon On , Jonghwan Mun , Joonseok Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) requires access to a reward function that incentivizes the right behavior, but these are notoriously hard to specify for complex tasks. Preference-based RL provides an alternative: learning policies using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Kimin Lee , Laura Smith , Anca Dragan , Pieter Abbeel

Uncertainty quantification in reinforcement learning can greatly improve exploration and robustness. Approximate Bayesian approaches have recently been popularized to quantify uncertainty in model-free algorithms. However, so far the focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Pascal R. van der Vaart , Neil Yorke-Smith , Matthijs T. J. Spaan

Traditional recommendation systems rely on past usage data in order to generate new recommendations. Those approaches fail to generate sensible recommendations for new users and items into the system due to missing information about their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Ivica Obadić , Gjorgji Madjarov , Ivica Dimitrovski , Dejan Gjorgjevikj

Predicting Click-Through Rates is a crucial function within recommendation and advertising platforms, as the output of CTR prediction determines the order of items shown to users. The Embedding \& MLP paradigm has become a standard approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Wenqiao Zhu , Lulu Wang , Jun Wu

Recommender systems (RSs) are intelligent filtering methods that suggest items to users based on their inferred preferences, derived from their interaction history on the platform. Collaborative filtering-based RSs rely on users past…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Alireza Gharahighehi , Felipe Kenji Nakano , Xuehua Yang , Wenhan Cu , Celine Vens

Preference elicitation explicitly asks users what kind of recommendations they would like to receive. It is a popular technique for conversational recommender systems to deal with cold-starts. Previous work has studied selection bias in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Shashank Gupta , Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Cold-start recommendation is one of the major challenges faced by recommender systems (RS). Herein, we focus on the user cold-start problem. Recently, methods utilizing side information or meta-learning have been used to model cold-start…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Xiangyu Zhang , Zongqiang Kuang , Zehao Zhang , Fan Huang , Xianfeng Tan

User cold-start recommendation is a long-standing challenge for recommender systems due to the fact that only a few interactions of cold-start users can be exploited. Recent studies seek to address this challenge from the perspective of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Xixun Lin , Jia Wu , Chuan Zhou , Shirui Pan , Yanan Cao , Bin Wang

Current advances in recommender systems have been remarkably successful in optimizing immediate engagement. However, long-term user engagement, a more desirable performance metric, remains difficult to improve. Meanwhile, recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Wanqi Xue , Qingpeng Cai , Zhenghai Xue , Shuo Sun , Shuchang Liu , Dong Zheng , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai , Bo An

Personal health analytics systems face a persistent cold-start dilemma: users expect meaningful insights early in data collection, while conventional statistical inference requires data volumes that often exceed engagement horizons.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-08 Richik Chakraborty

Recommendation systems are essential ingredients in producing matches between products and buyers. Despite their ubiquity, they face two important challenges. First, they are data-intensive, a feature that precludes sophisticated…

General Economics · Economics 2020-10-08 Pedro M. Gardete , Carlos D. Santos

We introduce a new sequential transformer reinforcement learning architecture RLT4Rec and demonstrate that it achieves excellent performance in a range of item recommendation tasks. RLT4Rec uses a relatively simple transformer architecture…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Dilina Chandika Rajapakse , Douglas Leith

In preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL), a reward function is learned from a type of human feedback called preference. To expedite preference collection, recent works have leveraged \emph{offline preferences}, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Guoxi Zhang , Han Bao , Hisashi Kashima

A standard approach to Collaborative Filtering (CF), i.e. prediction of user ratings on items, relies on Matrix Factorization techniques. Representations for both users and items are computed from the observed ratings and used for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Gabriella Contardo , Ludovic Denoyer , Thierry Artieres

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) is a standard paradigm for safety-critical decision making. However, real-world safety constraints can be complex, subjective, and even hard to explicitly specify. Existing works on constraint inference rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Chenglin Li , Grant Ruan , Hua Geng

Offline preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) provides an effective way to overcome the challenges of designing reward and the high costs of online interaction. However, since labeling preference needs real-time human feedback,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiao-Yin Liu , Guotao Li , Xiao-Hu Zhou , Zeng-Guang Hou