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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved the capabilities of web agents. However, effectively navigating complex and dynamic web environments still requires more advanced trajectory-level planning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yifei Gao , Junhong Ye , Jiaqi Wang , Jitao Sang

GUI agents that interact with graphical interfaces on behalf of users represent a promising direction for practical AI assistants. However, training such agents is hindered by the scarcity of suitable environments. We present InfiniteWeb, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ziyun Zhang , Zezhou Wang , Xiaoyi Zhang , Zongyu Guo , Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Yan Lu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled agents to operate in open-ended web and operating system environments. However, existing benchmarks predominantly target consumer-oriented scenarios (e.g., e-commerce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ying Mo , Yu Bai , Dapeng Sun , Yuqian Shi , Yukai Miao , Li Chen , Dan Li

Web agents require massive trajectories to generalize, yet real-world training is constrained by network latency, rate limits, and safety risks. We introduce \textbf{WebWorld} series, the first open-web simulator trained at scale. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zikai Xiao , Jianhong Tu , Chuhang Zou , Yuxin Zuo , Zhi Li , Peng Wang , Bowen Yu , Fei Huang , Junyang Lin , Zuozhu Liu

We introduce TerminalWorld, a scalable data engine that automatically reverse-engineers high-fidelity evaluation tasks from "in-the-wild" terminal recordings. Processing 80,870 terminal recordings, the engine yields a full benchmark of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhaoyang Chu , Jiarui Hu , Xingyu Jiang , Pengyu Zou , Han Li , Chao Peng , Peter O'Hearn , Earl T. Barr , Mark Harman , Federica Sarro , He Ye

Despite the rapid progress of large vision-language models (LVLMs), fine-grained, state-conditioned GUI interaction remains challenging. Current evaluations offer limited coverage, imprecise target-state definitions, and an overreliance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Fengxian Ji , Jingpu Yang , Zirui Song , Yuanxi Wang , Zhexuan Cui , Yuke Li , Qian Jiang , Xiuying Chen

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized web agents that can automate complex tasks on websites. However, their accuracy remains limited by the scarcity of high-quality web trajectory training data.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Fazle Elahi Faisal , Qianhui Wu , Baolin Peng , Jianfeng Gao

An online evolving framework is proposed to support modeling the safe Automated Vehicle (AV) control system by making the controller able to recognize unexpected situations and react appropriately by choosing a better action. Within the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Teawon Han , Dimitar Filev , Umit Ozguner

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a new era marked by the development of autonomous applications in real-world scenarios, which drives innovation in creating advanced web agents. Existing web agents typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Yong Dai , Hongming Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents can automate complex tasks across digital environments, but their development is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality trajectory data for training. Existing approaches rely on expensive human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yiheng Xu , Dunjie Lu , Zhennan Shen , Junli Wang , Zekun Wang , Yuchen Mao , Caiming Xiong , Tao Yu

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) have empowered autonomous agents to perform multi-turn interactions with tools and environments. However, scaling such agent training is limited by the lack of diverse and reliable environments.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhaoyang Wang , Canwen Xu , Boyi Liu , Yite Wang , Siwei Han , Zhewei Yao , Huaxiu Yao , Yuxiong He

Autonomous driving technologies have achieved significant advances in recent years, yet their real-world deployment remains constrained by data scarcity, safety requirements, and the need for generalization across diverse environments. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 A. Humnabadkar , A. Sikdar , B. Cave , H. Zhang , N. Bessis , A. Behera

Autonomous agents capable of navigating Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) hold the potential to revolutionize digital productivity. However, achieving true digital autonomy extends beyond reactive element matching; it necessitates a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hongxin Li , Xiping Wang , Jingran Su , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Language agents increasingly act as web-enabled systems that search, browse, and synthesize information from diverse sources. However, these sources can include unreliable or adversarial content, and the robustness of agents to adversarial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shrey Shah , Levent Ozgur

Safe and scalable deployment of end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving requires extensive and diverse data, particularly safety-critical events. Existing data are mostly generated from simulators with a significant sim-to-real gap or collected…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jiawei Wang , Haowei Sun , Xintao Yan , Shuo Feng , Jun Gao , Henry X. Liu

Computer use agents (CUAs) can operate real-world digital interfaces but remain difficult to train due to the high cost of graphical user interface (GUI) interaction and the scarcity of high-quality trajectory data. Existing datasets rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yifei He , Pranit Chawla , Yaser Souri , Subhojit Som , Xia Song

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show strong capabilities for automating web tasks, but existing interactive benchmarks primarily target benign, predictable consumer environments. Their effectiveness in high-stakes, investigative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Renqi Chen , Zeyin Tao , Jianming Guo , Jing Wang , Zezhou Xu , Jingzhe Zhu , Qingqing Sun , Tianyi Zhang , Shuai Chen

Autonomous agents capable of planning, reasoning, and executing actions on the web offer a promising avenue for automating computer tasks. However, the majority of existing benchmarks primarily focus on text-based agents, neglecting many…

Web agents--autonomous systems that navigate and execute tasks on the web on behalf of users--have the potential to transform how people interact with the digital world. However, the most capable web agents today rely on proprietary models…

Real-world autonomous planning requires coordinating tightly coupled constraints where a single decision dictates the feasibility of all subsequent actions. However, existing benchmarks predominantly feature loosely coupled constraints…

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