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The emergence of foundation models in computational pathology has transformed histopathological image analysis, with whole slide imaging (WSI) diagnosis being a core application. Traditionally, weakly supervised fine-tuning via multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jiawen Li , Jiali Hu , Qiehe Sun , Renao Yan , Minxi Ouyang , Tian Guan , Anjia Han , Chao He , Yonghong He

Despite the promise of computational pathology foundation models, adapting them to specific clinical tasks remains challenging due to the complexity of whole-slide image (WSI) processing, the opacity of learned features, and the wide range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Abdul Rahman Diab , Emily E. Karn , Renchin Wu , Emily S. Ruiz , William Lotter

The complexity and variability inherent in high-resolution pathological images present significant challenges in computational pathology. While pathology foundation models leveraging AI have catalyzed transformative advancements, their…

Foundation models pretrained on large-scale datasets are revolutionizing the field of computational pathology (CPath). The generalization ability of foundation models is crucial for the success in various downstream clinical tasks. However,…

Foundation models have revolutionized the paradigm of digital pathology, as they leverage general-purpose features to emulate real-world pathological practices, enabling the quantitative analysis of critical histological patterns and the…

Pathology foundation models substantially advanced the possibilities in computational pathology -- yet tradeoffs in terms of performance, robustness, and computational requirements remained, which limited their clinical deployment. In this…

Whole slide image (WSI) analysis has emerged as an increasingly essential technique in computational pathology. Recent advances in the pathology foundation models (FMs) have demonstrated significant advantages in deriving meaningful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zhidong Yang , Xiuhui Shi , Wei Ba , Zhigang Song , Haijing Luan , Taiyuan Hu , Senlin Lin , Jiguang Wang , Shaohua Kevin Zhou , Rui Yan

Pathology reports are structured, multi-granular documents encoding diagnostic conclusions, histological grades, and ancillary test results across one or more anatomical sites; yet existing pathology vision-language models (VLMs) reduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Ruicheng Yuan , Zhenxuan Zhang , Anbang Wang , Liwei Hu , Xiangqian Hua , Yaya Peng , Jiawei Luo , Guang Yang

Foundation models are reshaping computational pathology by enabling transfer learning, where models pre-trained on vast datasets can be adapted for downstream diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic response tasks. Despite these advances,…

The interpretation of histopathology cases underlies many important diagnostic and treatment decisions in medicine. Notably, this process typically requires pathologists to integrate and summarize findings across multiple slides per case.…

Whole-slide image (WSI) preprocessing, comprising tissue detection followed by patch extraction, is foundational to AI-driven computational pathology but remains a major bottleneck for scaling to large and heterogeneous cohorts. We present…

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as powerful tools for analyzing whole slide images (WSIs). However, adapting these pretrained PFMs for specific clinical tasks presents considerable challenges, primarily due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Neeraj Kumar , Swaraj Nanda , Siddharth Singi , Jamal Benhamida , David Kim , Jie-Fu Chen , Amir Momeni-Boroujeni , Gregory M. Goldgof , Gabriele Campanella , Chad Vanderbilt

Developing clinically useful cell-level analysis tools in digital pathology remains challenging due to limitations in dataset granularity, inconsistent annotations, high computational demands, and difficulties integrating new technologies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Nikita Shvetsov , Thomas K. Kilvaer , Masoud Tafavvoghi , Anders Sildnes , Kajsa Møllersen , Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund , Lars Ailo Bongo

Foundation models for computational pathology have shown great promise for specimen-level tasks and are increasingly accessible to researchers. However, specimen-level models built on these foundation models remain largely unavailable,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-13 Jakub R. Kaczmarzyk , Rishul Sharma , Peter K. Koo , Joel H. Saltz

Computational analysis of whole slide images (WSIs) has seen significant research progress in recent years, with applications ranging across important diagnostic and prognostic tasks such as survival or cancer subtype prediction. Many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zak Buzzard , Konstantin Hemker , Nikola Simidjievski , Mateja Jamnik

Histopathology foundation models (HFMs), pretrained on large-scale cancer datasets, have advanced computational pathology. However, their applicability to non-cancerous chronic kidney disease remains underexplored, despite coexistence of…

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as a core approach for learning transferable representations from whole slide images (WSIs), and they are typically benchmarked through downstream clinical endpoints. While such task level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bokai Zhao , Yiyang Zhang , Yuanchi Zhu , Hanqing Chao , Long Bai , Tai Ma , Minfeng Xu , Ming Song , Tianzi Jiang

Pathology is the study of microscopic inspection of tissue, and a pathology diagnosis is often the medical gold standard to diagnose disease. Pathology images provide a unique challenge for computer-vision-based analysis: a single pathology…

Foundation models (FMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of applications, from image classification to natural langurage processing, but pose significant challenges for deployment at edge. This has sparked growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Muhammad Azlan Qazi , Alexandros Iosifidis , Qi Zhang

Foundation models (FM) have transformed computational pathology but remain computationally prohibitive for clinical deployment due to their massive parameter counts and high-magnification processing requirements. Here, we introduce XMAG, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyu Su , Abdul Rehman Akbar , Usama Sajjad , Anil V. Parwani , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi