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Microwave (MW) field sensing is foundational to modern technology, yet its evolution, reliant on classical antennas, is constrained by fundamental physical limits on field, temporal, and spatial resolutions. Here, we demonstrate an MW…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Yao-Wen Zhang , De-Sheng Xiang , Ren Liao , Hao-Xiang Liu , Biao Xu , Peng Zhou , Yijia Zhou , Kuan Zhang , Lin Li

The exploitation of sub-MHz (\textless 1 MHz) can be beneficial for a plethora of applications like underwater vehicular communication, subsurface exploration, low-frequency navigation etc. The traditional electrical receivers in this band…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-24 Minze Chen , Tianqi Mao , Wei Xiao , Zhonghuai Wu , Dapeng Li , Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Dezhi Zheng , Kaibin Huang , Zhaocheng Wang

We demonstrate Rydberg atom-based radio frequency sensing with a colinear three-photon scheme in a room temperature cesium vapor cell that minimizes residual Doppler broadening of the probe laser absorption feature. A sub-200 kHz spectral…

We study Rydberg atoms modulated by strong radio-frequency (RF) fields with a frequency of 70 MHz. The Rydberg atoms are prepared in a room temperature cesium cell, and their level structure is probed using electromagnetically induced…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2017-07-31 Yuechun Jiao , Zhiwei Yang , Jingkui Li , Georg Raithel , Jianming Zhao , Suotang Jia

Rydberg atomic quantum receivers exhibit great potential in assisting classical wireless communications due to their outstanding advantages in detecting radio frequency signals. To realize this potential, we integrate a Rydberg atomic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Tierui Gong , Chau Yuen , Chong Meng Samson See , Mérouane Debbah , Lajos Hanzo

We present a Rydberg atom-based microwave electric field sensor that achieves extended dynamic range and enhanced sensitivity across a broad bandwidth. By characterizing the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting induced by a single-tone microwave…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Hsuan-Jui Su , Shao-Cheng Fang , Ting-An Li , Chen-Hao Chang , Yu-Chi Chen , Yi-Hsin Chen

We investigate the sensitivity of three-photon EIT in Rydberg atoms to radio frequency detection and compare it against conventional two-photon systems. Specifically, we model the 4-level and 5-level atomic system and compare how the…

Rydberg electric field sensors exploit the large number of Rydberg resonances to provide sensitivity over a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, due to the difficulty of accessing resonant Rydberg states at ultra-high…

Harnessing multi-level electron transitions, Rydberg Atomic REceivers (RAREs) can detect wireless signals across a wide range of frequency bands, from Megahertz to Terahertz. This capability enables multi-band wireless communications and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Minze Chen , Zhanwei Wang , Tianqi Mao , Dezhi Zheng , Kaibin Huang

Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) enables realization of atom-based SI-traceable microwave (MW) sensing, imaging and communication devices by exploiting the strong microwave electric dipole coupling of highly excited…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-08-09 Aurélien Chopinaud , Jonathan D. Pritchard

Rydberg atoms, due to their large polarizabilities and strong transition dipole moments, have been utilized as sensitive electric field sensors. While their capability to detect modulated signals has been previously demonstrated, these…

While Rydberg-Rydberg interactions are essential for quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information processing, their role in microwave and radio-frequency sensing remains poorly understood. Here we experimentally investigate Rydberg…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Xinghan Wang , Yupeng Wang , Aishik Panja , Qi-Yu Liang

Rydberg atoms efficiently link photons between the radio-frequency (RF) and optical domains. They furnish a medium in which the presence of an RF-field imprints on the transmission of a probe laser beam by altering the coherent coupling…

We investigate the use of a split-ring resonator (SRR) incorporated with an atomic-vapor cell to improve the sensitivity and the minimal detectable electric (E) field of Rydberg atom-based sensors. In this approach, a sub-wavelength SRR is…

Rydberg atomic quantum receivers (RAQRs) have emerged as a promising solution for evolving wireless receivers from the classical to the quantum domain. To further unleash their great potential in wireless communications, we propose a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-15 Tierui Gong , Chau Yuen , Chong Meng Samson See , Mérouane Debbah , Lajos Hanzo

We examine spectral signatures of Rydberg atoms driven with near-resonant dual-tone radio-frequency (RF) fields in the regime of strong driving. We experimentally demonstrate and theoretically model a variety of nonlinear and multiphoton…

High-sensitivity measurements of the microwave electric field are important in applications of communication and metrology. \replaced{The sensitivity of traditional Rydberg superheterodyne receivers in free space is effectively determined…

Microwave electric field sensing is of importance for a wide range of applications in areas of remote sensing, radar astronomy and communications. Over the past decade, Rydberg atoms, owing to their exaggerated response to microwave…

Rydberg atom-based electrometry enables traceable electric field measurements with high sensitivity over a large frequency range, from gigahertz to terahertz. Such measurements are particularly useful for the calibration of radio frequency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Santosh Kumar , Haoquan Fan , Harald Kübler , Akbar J. Jahangiri , James P. Shaffer

Rydberg atoms have great potential in electric field measurement and have an advantage with a large frequency bandwidth from the kHz to the THz scale. However, the sensitivity for measuring a weak MHz electric field signal is limited by the…