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This position paper argues that the field of LLM agents requires a unified, telecom-inspired communication protocol to ensure safety, interoperability, and scalability, especially within the context of Next Generation (NextG) networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xin Li , Mengbing Liu , Chau Yuen

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are increasingly envisioned as AI-native infrastructures integrating communication, sensing, and computing into a unified fabric. However, existing approaches remain largely optimization-centric, relying on…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

As large language models (LLM)-driven agents transition from isolated task solvers to persistent digital entities, the emergence of the Agentic Web, an ecosystem where heterogeneous agents autonomously interact and co-evolve, marks a…

Most existing Large Language Model (LLM)-based agent frameworks rely on centralized orchestration, incurring high deployment costs, rigid communication topologies, and limited adaptability. To address these challenges, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Ji Wang , Kashing Chen , Xinyuan Song , Ke Zhang , Lynn Ai , Eric Yang , Bill Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, yet their practical utility is fundamentally constrained by a limited context window and state desynchronization resulting from the LLMs' stateless nature and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Fikresilase Wondmeneh Abebayew

The rapid adoption of agentic AI, powered by large language models (LLMs), is transforming enterprise ecosystems with autonomous agents that execute complex workflows. Yet we observe several key security vulnerabilities in LLM-driven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zhenhua Zou , Zhuotao Liu , Lepeng Zhao , Qiuyang Zhan

The paradigm of Large Language Models is undergoing a fundamental transition from static inference engines to dynamic autonomous cognitive systems.While current research primarily focuses on scaling context windows or optimizing prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 ChengYou Li , XiaoDong Liu , XiangBao Meng , XinYu Zhao

AI components are increasingly becoming a key element of all types of software systems to enhance their functionality. These AI components are often implemented as AI Agents, offering more autonomy than a plain integration of Large Language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Gwendal Jouneaux , Jordi Cabot

The rapid development of AI agents leads to a surge in communication demands. Alongside this rise, a variety of frameworks and protocols emerge. While these efforts demonstrate the vitality of the field, they also highlight increasing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Chenguang Du , Chuyi Wang , Yihan Chao , Xiaohui Xie , Yong Cui

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models has given rise to autonomous LLM-based agents capable of complex reasoning and execution. As these agents transition from isolated operation to collaborative ecosystems, we witness the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yixiang Yao , Yuhang Yao , Xinyi Fan , Jiechao Gao , Jie Wang , Minjia Zhang , Srivatsan Ravi , Carlee Joe-Wong

Rapid advances in large language models and agentic AI are driving the emergence of the Internet of Agents (IoA), a paradigm where billions of autonomous software and embodied agents interact, coordinate, and collaborate to accomplish…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shaolong Guo , Yuntao Wang , Zhou Su , Yanghe Pan , Qinnan Hu , Tom H. Luan

A fundamental limitation of current LLM-based AI agents is their inability to build differentiated trust among each other at the onset of an agent-to-agent dialogue. However, autonomous and interoperable trust establishment becomes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Sandro Rodriguez Garzon , Awid Vaziry , Enis Mert Kuzu , Dennis Enrique Gehrmann , Buse Varkan , Alexander Gaballa , Axel Küpper

Coral Protocol is an open and decentralized collaboration infrastructure that enables communication, coordination, trust and payments for The Internet of Agents. It addresses the growing need for interoperability in a world where…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Roman J. Georgio , Caelum Forder , Suman Deb , Andri Rahimov , Peter Carroll , Önder Gürcan

Large language models and autonomous AI agents have evolved rapidly, resulting in a diverse array of evaluation benchmarks, frameworks, and collaboration protocols. Driven by the growing need for standardized evaluation and integration, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Norbert Tihanyi , Merouane Debbah

Global health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have exposed critical weaknesses in traditional medical supply chains, including inefficiencies in resource allocation, lack of transparency, and poor adaptability to dynamic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Mariam ALMutairi , Hyungmin Kim

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents increasingly interact, collaborate, and delegate tasks to one another autonomously with minimal human interaction. Industry guidelines for agentic system governance emphasize the need for users to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Georgios Syros , Anshuman Suri , Jacob Ginesin , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Alina Oprea

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Model (LLM)-driven agents have enabled sophisticated systems to tackle complex, multi-step tasks, but their escalating costs threaten scalability and accessibility. This work presents the first…

Agent communication protocols are becoming critical infrastructure for large language model (LLM) systems that must use tools, coordinate with other agents, and operate across heterogeneous environments. This work presents a human-inspired…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dun Yuan , Fuyuan Lyu , Ye Yuan , Weixu Zhang , Bowei He , Jiayi Geng , Linfeng Du , Zipeng Sun , Yankai Chen , Changjiang Han , Jikun Kang , Xi Chen , Haolun Wu , Xue Liu

The emerging Internet of AI Agents challenges existing web infrastructure designed for human-scale, reactive interactions. Unlike traditional web resources, autonomous AI agents initiate actions, maintain persistent state, spawn sub-agents,…

Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are increasingly capable of initiating financial transactions on behalf of users or other agents. This evolution introduces a fundamental challenge: verifying both the authenticity of an autonomous agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Vivek Acharya