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Mean field games (MFGs) tractably model behavior in large agent populations. The literature on learning MFG equilibria typically focuses on finding Nash equilibria (NE), which assume perfectly rational agents and are hence implausible in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yannick Eich , Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

Stochastic games provide a framework for interactions among multiple agents and enable a myriad of applications. In these games, agents decide on actions simultaneously, the state of every agent moves to the next state, and each agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Mridul Agarwal , Vaneet Aggarwal , Arnob Ghosh , Nilay Tiwari

This paper investigates a mean-field game (MFG) problem for mean-variance (MV) portfolio management, highlighting a new type of relative performance encoded by the peer-based risk aversion. Specifically, the risk aversion is formulated as a…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-26 Weilun Cheng , Zongxia Liang , Sheng Wang , Xiang Yu

Learning stationary policies in infinite-horizon general-sum Markov games (MGs) remains a fundamental open problem in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). While stationary strategies are preferred for their practicality, computing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yizhou Zhang , Eric Mazumdar

Risk-aversion and bounded rationality are two key characteristics of human decision-making. Risk-averse quantal-response equilibrium (RQE) is a solution concept that incorporates these features, providing a more realistic depiction of human…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yizhou Zhang , Eric Mazumdar

In this paper, we study large population multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in the context of discrete-time linear-quadratic mean-field games (LQ-MFGs). Our setting differs from most existing work on RL for MFGs, in that we consider a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-02 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Kaiqing Zhang , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar

A significant roadblock to the development of principled multi-agent reinforcement learning is the fact that desired solution concepts like Nash equilibria may be intractable to compute. To overcome this obstacle, we take inspiration from…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Eric Mazumdar , Kishan Panaganti , Laixi Shi

Mean-field games (MFG) were introduced to efficiently analyze approximate Nash equilibria in large population settings. In this work, we consider entropy-regularized mean-field games with a finite state-action space in a discrete time…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Yue Guan , Mi Zhou , Ali Pakniyat , Panagiotis Tsiotras

We study discrete-time, finite-state mean-field games (MFGs) under model uncertainty, where agents face ambiguity about the state transition probabilities. Each agent maximizes its expected payoff against the worst-case transitions within…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Zongxia Liang , Zhou Zhou , Yaqi Zhuang , Bin Zou

Mean Field Control Games (MFCGs) provide a powerful theoretical framework for analyzing systems of infinitely many interacting agents, blending elements from Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Mean Field Control (MFC). However, solving the coupled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Nianli Peng , Yilin Wang

Mean field games (MFG) and mean field control problems (MFC) are frameworks to study Nash equilibria or social optima in games with a continuum of agents. These problems can be used to approximate competitive or cooperative games with a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-28 Andrea Angiuli , Jean-Pierre Fouque , Mathieu Lauriere

Scalability remains a challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning and is currently under active research. A framework named mean-field reinforcement learning (MFRL) could alleviate the scalability problem by employing the Mean Field…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hao Ma , Zhiqiang Pu , Yi Pan , Boyin Liu , Junlong Gao , Zhenyu Guo

Mean Field Games (MFG) are the class of games with a very large number of agents and the standard equilibrium concept is a Mean Field Equilibrium (MFE). Algorithms for learning MFE in dynamic MFGs are unknown in general. Our focus is on an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-02 Kiyeob Lee , Desik Rengarajan , Dileep Kalathil , Srinivas Shakkottai

Mean-field reinforcement learning (MF-RL) scales multi-agent RL to large populations by reducing each agent's dependence on others to a single summary statistic -- the mean action. However, this reduction requires every agent to act at…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Shan Yang

Mean field games (MFGs) provide a mathematically tractable framework for modelling large-scale multi-agent systems by leveraging mean field theory to simplify interactions among agents. It enables applying inverse reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yang Chen , Libo Zhang , Jiamou Liu , Michael Witbrock

In this article, we introduce a new class of entropy-penalized robust mean field game problems in which the representative agent is opposed to Nature. The agent's objective is formulated as a min-max stochastic control problem, in which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-27 François Delarue , Pierre Lavigne

Methods like multi-agent reinforcement learning struggle to scale with growing population size. Mean-field games (MFGs) are a game-theoretic approach that can circumvent this by finding a solution for an abstract infinite population, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate

We introduce a class of robust control problems formulated in min-max form, in which the principal agent is viewed as a central planner facing Nature. The agent's cost is a nonlinear function of all its possible realizations, encompassing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-24 François Delarue , Pierre Lavigne

Mean-field game theory relies on approximating games that are intractable to model due to a very large to infinite population of players. While these kinds of games can be solved analytically via the associated system of partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Anna C. M. Thöni , Yoram Bachrach , Tal Kachman

We consider a multi-agent Markov strategic interaction over an infinite horizon where agents can be of multiple types. We model the strategic interaction as a mean-field game in the asymptotic limit when the number of agents of each type…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Arnob Ghosh , Vaneet Aggarwal
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