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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in cross-modal understanding, but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks through visual inputs despite robust textual safety mechanisms. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Yige Li , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to adversarial prompts that exploit semantic ambiguities to bypass safety mechanisms, resulting in harmful or inappropriate outputs. Such attacks, including jailbreaking and prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xiang Fang , Wanlong Fang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been integrated into autonomous driving systems to enhance reasoning capabilities through tasks such as Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, the robustness of these systems against backdoor attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Ming Liu , Siyuan Liang , Koushik Howlader , Liwen Wang , Dacheng Tao , Wensheng Zhang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have become essential backbones for multimodal intelligence, yet significant safety challenges limit their real-world application. While textual inputs are often effectively safeguarded, adversarial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yi Ding , Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) can be vulnerable to adversarial images that subtly bias their outputs toward plausible yet incorrect responses. We introduce a general, efficient, and training-free defense that combines image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nadav Kadvil , Malak Fares , Ayellet Tal

Over the past decade, there has been extensive research aimed at enhancing the robustness of neural networks, yet this problem remains vastly unsolved. Here, one major impediment has been the overestimation of the robustness of new defense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Leo Schwinn , David Dobre , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel

Current vision large language models (VLLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities yet are prone to generate harmful content and are vulnerable to even the simplest jailbreaking attacks. Our initial analysis finds that this is due to the presence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yongshuo Zong , Ondrej Bohdal , Tingyang Yu , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales

Recent advances in large vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of visual understanding tasks. However, the robustness of these models against jailbreak attacks remains an open challenge. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xiangyu Yin , Jiaxu Liu , Zhen Chen , Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Xiaowei Huang , Wenjie Ruan

Large visual language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated excellent instruction-following capabilities, yet remain vulnerable to stealthy backdoor attacks when finetuned using contaminated data. Existing backdoor defense techniques are usually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yuan Xun , Siyuan Liang , Xiaojun Jia , Xinwei Liu , Xiaochun Cao

Large pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial attacks, raising concerns about their deployment in safety-critical applications like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Lin Luo , Xin Wang , Bojia Zi , Shihao Zhao , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

This paper presents a real-time modular defense system named Sentra-Guard. The system detects and mitigates jailbreak and prompt injection attacks targeting large language models (LLMs). The framework uses a hybrid architecture with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Md. Mehedi Hasan , Sk Tanzir Mehedi , Ziaur Rahman , Rafid Mostafiz , Md. Abir Hossain

Autonomous driving systems depend on on models that can reason about high-level scene contexts and accurately predict the dynamics of their surrounding environment. Vision- Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as promising tools for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Stefan Englmeier , Katharina Winter , Fabian B. Flohr

Current Vision-Language Model (VLM)-based end-to-end autonomous driving systems often leverage large language models to generate driving decisions directly based on their understanding of the current scene. However, such systems introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dacheng Liao , Mengshi Qi , Peng Shu , Zhining Zhang , Yuxin Lin , Liang Liu , Huadong Ma

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, their integration of visual inputs introduces expanded attack surfaces, thereby exposing them to novel security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Vision Language Models (VLMs) can produce unintended and harmful content when exposed to adversarial attacks, particularly because their vision capabilities create new vulnerabilities. Existing defenses, such as input preprocessing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Han Wang , Gang Wang , Huan Zhang

A primary hurdle of autonomous driving in urban environments is understanding complex and long-tail scenarios, such as challenging road conditions and delicate human behaviors. We introduce DriveVLM, an autonomous driving system leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Xiaoyu Tian , Junru Gu , Bailin Li , Yicheng Liu , Yang Wang , Zhiyong Zhao , Kun Zhan , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang , Hang Zhao

End-to-end autonomous driving systems built on Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown significant promise, yet their reliance on autoregressive architectures introduces some limitations for real-world applications. The sequential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Can Cui , Yupeng Zhou , Juntong Peng , Sung-Yeon Park , Zichong Yang , Prashanth Sankaranarayanan , Jiaru Zhang , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for enhancing visual comprehension in autonomous driving systems by integrating visual language models (VLMs) with additional visual perception module specialised in object detection. We extend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Linfeng He , Yiming Sun , Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Xiaowei Huang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Multi-Modal Language models (MMLMs) have become prominent in autonomous driving research, as these models can provide interpretable textual reasoning and responses for end-to-end autonomous driving safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Akshay Gopalkrishnan , Ross Greer , Mohan Trivedi

Autonomous driving is a complex and challenging task that aims at safe motion planning through scene understanding and reasoning. While vision-only autonomous driving methods have recently achieved notable performance, through enhanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Chenbin Pan , Burhaneddin Yaman , Tommaso Nesti , Abhirup Mallik , Alessandro G Allievi , Senem Velipasalar , Liu Ren