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Given a knot in $S^3$, one can associate to it a surface diffeomorphism in two different ways. First, an arbitrary knot in $S^{3}$ can be represented by braids, which can be thought of as diffeomorphisms of punctured disks. Second, if the…
Comparison of $1$-dimensional distance functions is a basic tool in Alexandrov geometry and it is used to characterize spaces with curvature bounded above or below. For the zero curvature bound there is a differential inequality which…
This article presents a Monte Carlo study on bond percolation in distorted square and triangular lattices. The distorted lattices are generated by dislocating the sites from their regular positions. The amount and direction of the…
This paper discusses some geometric ideas associated with knots in real projective 3-space $\mathbb{R}P^3$. These ideas are borrowed from classical knot theory. Since knots in $\mathbb{R}P^3$ are classified into three disjoint classes, -…
We will discuss a method for visual presentation of knotted surfaces in the four space, by examining a number and a position of its Morse's critical points. Using this method, we will investigate surface-knot with one critical point of…
The slope conjecture gives a precise relation between the degree of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot and the boundary slopes of essential surfaces in the knot complement. In this note we propose a generalization of the slope…
It is a well-known procedure for constructing a torus knot or link that first we prepare an unknotted torus and meridian disks in the complementary solid tori of it, and second smooth the intersections of the boundary of meridian disks…
This paper studies generic surface defects for multiscalar critical models using a perturbative $\epsilon$ expansion in $4-\epsilon$ dimensions. The beta functions of the defect couplings for a generic multiscalar bulk with quartic…
Expanding on work by Conway, Orson, and Powell, we study the isotopy classes rel. boundary of nonorientable, compact, locally flatly embedded surfaces in $D^4$ with knot group $\mathbb{Z}_2$. In particular we show that if two such surfaces…
We study two popular ways to sketch the shortest path distances of an input graph. The first is distance preservers, which are sparse subgraphs that agree with the distances of the original graph on a given set of demand pairs. Prior work…
The doubly slice genus of a knot in the 3-sphere is the minimal genus among unknotted orientable surfaces in the 4-sphere for which the knot arises as a cross-section. We use the classical signature function of the knot to give a new lower…
A symmetric quandle is a quandle with a good involution. For a knot in \$R^3\$, a knotted surface in \$R^4\$ or an \$n\$-manifold knot in \$R^{n+2}\$, the knot symmetric quandle is defined. We introduce the notion of a symmetric quandle…
We consider compact 3-manifolds M having a submersion h to R in which each generic point inverse is a planar surface. The standard height function on a submanifold of the 3-sphere is a motivating example. To (M, h) we associate a…
Suppose M is a closed irreducible orientable 3-manifold, K is a knot in M, P and Q are bridge surfaces for K and K is not removable with respect to Q. We show that either Q is equivalent to P or $d(K,P) \leq 2-\chi(Q-K)$. If K is not a two…
For a fixed $\theta\neq 0$, we define the twisted divisor function $$ \tau(n, \theta):=\sum_{d\mid n}d^{i\theta}\ .$$ In this article we consider the error term $\Delta(x)$ in the following asymptotic formula $$ \sum_{n\leq x}^*|\tau(n,…
Additive spanners are fundamental graph structures with wide applications in network design, graph sparsification, and distance approximation. In particular, a $4$-additive spanner is a subgraph that preserves all pairwise distances up to…
We examine three-dimensional metric deformations based on a tetrad transformation through the action the matrices of scalar fields. We describe by this approach to deformation the results obtained by Coll et al. in [1], where it is stated…
This paper examines the relationship between the knotting of an embedded surface in $\R^3$ and the knotting of its fold curves, formed by the singular set of projection to a plane. The first result shows that every surface, no matter how…
The Square Root Normal Field (SRNF), introduced by Jermyn et al. in [3], provides a way of representing immersed surfaces in $\mathbb R^3$, and equipping the set of these immersions with a "distance function" (to be precise, a pseudometric)…
We establish dimensional thresholds for dot product sets associated with compact subsets of translated paraboloids. Specifically, we prove that when the dimension of such a subset exceeds $ \frac{5}{4} = \frac{3}{2} - \frac{1}{4} $ in…