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Refinement based formal methods allow the modelling of systems through incremental steps via abstraction. Discovering the right levels of abstraction, formulating correct and meaningful invariants, and analysing faulty models are some of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Gudmund Grov , Andrew Ireland , Maria Teresa Llano , Peter Kovacs , Simon Colton , Jeremy Gow

Regret has been established as a foundational concept in online learning, and likewise has important applications in the analysis of learning dynamics in games. Regret quantifies the difference between a learner's performance against a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Georgios Piliouras , Mark Rowland , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Romuald Elie , Daniel Hennes , Jerome Connor , Karl Tuyls

In programming education, fostering self-regulated learning (SRL) skills is essential for both students and teachers. This paper introduces TrackThinkDashboard, an application designed to visualize the learning workflow by integrating web…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ko Watanabe , Yuki Matsuda , Yugo Nakamura , Yutaka Arakawa , Shoya Ishimaru

This study examines the development of reflective practice among students on a four-year work-based Software Engineering program. Using two established models of reflection - Boud et al.'s Model of Reflective Process and Bain et al.'s 5R…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Matthew Barr , Syed Waqar Nabi , Oana Andrei

Game development is an interdisciplinary concept that embraces artistic, software engineering, management, and business disciplines. This research facilitates a better understanding of important dimensions of digital game development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Saiqa Aleem , Luiz Fernando Capretz , Faheem Ahmed

Test-time compute is central to large reasoning models, yet analysing their reasoning behaviour through generated text is increasingly impractical and unreliable. Response length is often used as a brute proxy for reasoning effort, but this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Quoc Tuan Pham , Mehdi Jafari , Flora Salim

The think-aloud method, where participants voice their thoughts as they solve a task, is a valuable source of rich data about human reasoning processes. Yet, it has declined in popularity in contemporary cognitive science, largely because…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Daniel Wurgaft , Ben Prystawski , Kanishk Gandhi , Cedegao E. Zhang , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Noah D. Goodman

Intelligent agents designed for interactive environments face significant challenges in text-based games, a domain that demands complex reasoning and adaptability. While agents based on large language models (LLMs) using self-reflection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Philip Lippmann , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Jie Yang

Our paper is research in progress that is research investigating the use of games technology to enhance the learning of a physical skill. The Microsoft Kinect is a system designed for gaming with the capability to track the movement of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Kirsten Ellis , Julie Fisher , Louisa Willoughby , Jan Carlo Barca

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate strong performance in complex tasks but often face the challenge of overthinking, leading to substantially high inference costs. Existing approaches synthesize shorter reasoning responses for LRMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hexuan Deng , Wenxiang Jiao , Xuebo Liu , Jun Rao , Min Zhang

Training a task-specific small reasoning model is challenging when direct human supervision or high-quality labels are scarce. However, LLMs with reasoning capabilities produce abundant intermediate reasoning traces that can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Sumanta Bhattacharyya , Sara Riazi , Pedram Rooshenas

Model-based reasoning agents are ill-equipped to act in novel situations in which their model of the environment no longer sufficiently represents the world. We propose HYDRA - a framework for designing model-based agents operating in mixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Shiwali Mohan , Wiktor Piotrowski , Roni Stern , Sachin Grover , Sookyung Kim , Jacob Le , Johan De Kleer

With respect to digital games, older adults are a demographic that is often underserved due to an industry-wide focus on younger audiences' preferences and skill sets. Meanwhile, as artificial intelligence (AI) continues to expand into…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yichi Zhang , Brandon Lyman , Celia Pearce , Miso Kim , Casper Harteveld , Leanne Chukoskie , Bob De Schutter

The work presented in this thesis seeks to improve programmer productivity in the following ways: - by reducing the amount of code that has to be written to construct an application; - by increasing the reliability of the code written; and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2010-06-18 Graham Kirby

The paper is devoted to a generalization of static and dynamic mathematical models of behavior with explicitly stated reflexive models of agents' decision-making. Reflexion is considered as agent's beliefs about nature, opponents' beliefs…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Dmitry Novikov , Vsevolod Korepanov , Alexander Chkhartishvili

Designing a visualization is often a process of iterative refinement where the designer improves a chart over time by adding features, improving encodings, and fixing mistakes. However, effective design requires external critique and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Sungbok Shin , Sanghyun Hong , Niklas Elmqvist

As language models (LMs) demonstrate their capabilities in various fields, their application to tasks requiring multi-round interactions has become increasingly popular. These tasks usually have complex dynamics, so supervised fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Runlong Zhou , Simon S. Du , Beibin Li

Generative AI tools, such as AI-generated hints, are increasingly integrated into programming education to offer timely, personalized support. However, little is known about how to effectively leverage these hints while ensuring autonomous…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Heeryung Choi , Tung Phung , Mengyan Wu , Adish Singla , Christopher Brooks

Videogames developed in the 1970s and 1980s were modest programs created in a couple of months by a single person, who played the roles of designer, artist and programmer. Since then, videogames have evolved to become a multi-million dollar…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Jennifer Hernández-Bécares , Luis Costero , Pedro Pablo Gómez-Martín

Learning in multi-player games can model a large variety of practical scenarios, where each player seeks to optimize its own local objective function, which at the same time relies on the actions taken by others. Motivated by the frequent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Yuanhanqing Huang , Jianghai Hu