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Medical imaging provides critical evidence for clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical decisions, yet most existing imaging models are narrowly focused and require multiple specialized networks, limiting their generalization.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Guoxin Wang , Jun Zhao , Xinyi Liu , Yanbo Liu , Xuyang Cao , Chao Li , Zhuoyun Liu , Qintian Sun , Fangru Zhou , Haoqiang Xing , Zhenhong Yang

We develop a conservative continuous-time stochastic control framework for treatment optimization from irregularly sampled patient trajectories. The unknown patient dynamics are modeled as a controlled stochastic differential equation with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nora Schneider , Georg Manten , Niki Kilbertus

Longitudinal passive sensing enables continuous health prediction, yet models often fail under cross-dataset distribution shifts. Traditional ML overfits cohort-specific artifacts, while Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to reason…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuang Fan , Lilin Xu , Millie Wu , Jingping Nie , Qingyu Chen , Yuzhe Yang , Zhuo Zhang , Xin Liu , Subigya Nepal , Xiaofan Jiang , Xuhai "Orson" Xu

Accurate and interpretable mortality risk prediction in intensive care units (ICUs) remains a critical challenge due to the irregular temporal structure of electronic health records (EHRs), the complexity of longitudinal disease…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zahra Jafari , Azadeh Zamanifar , Amirfarhad Farhadi

Continuing advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) in artificial intelligence offer important capacities in intuitively accessing and using medical knowledge in many contexts, including education and training as well as assessment and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Roma Shusterman , Allison C. Waters , Shannon O`Neill , Phan Luu , Don M. Tucker

With the rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) in medicine, simply integrating clinical text and medical imaging does not guarantee reliable reasoning. Existing multimodal models often produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zelin Zang , Wenyi Gu , Siqi Ma , Dan Yang , Yue Shen , Zhu Zhang , Guohui Fan , Wing-Kuen Ling , Fuji Yang

Multiple myeloma is managed through sequential lines of therapy over years to decades, with each decision depending on cumulative disease history distributed across dozens to hundreds of heterogeneous clinical documents. Whether LLM-based…

Healthcare professionals need effective ways to use, understand, and validate AI-driven clinical decision support systems. Existing systems face two key limitations: complex visualizations and a lack of grounding in scientific evidence. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Reza Samimi , Aditya Bhattacharya , Lucija Gosak , Gregor Stiglic , Katrien Verbert

Large language model (LLM) agents extend generative models with reasoning, tool use, and persistent memory, thereby enabling the automation of complex tasks. In healthcare, such systems could support documentation, care coordination, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenxian Yang , Hanzheng Qiu , Bangqun Zhang , Chengquan Li , Zhiyong Huang , Xiaobin Feng , Rongshan Yu , Jiahong Dong

Clinical notes contain a large amount of clinically valuable information that is ignored in many clinical decision support systems due to the difficulty that comes with mining that information. Recent work has found success leveraging deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Justin R. Lovelace , Nathan C. Hurley , Adrian D. Haimovich , Bobak J. Mortazavi

Large language model (LLM) systems are increasingly used to support high-stakes decision-making, but they typically perform worse when the available evidence is internally inconsistent. Such a scenario exists in real-world healthcare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Haochen Liu , Weien Li , Rui Song , Zeyu Li , Chun Jason Xue , Xiao-Yang Liu , Sam Nallaperuma , Xue Liu , Ye Yuan

Predicting future clinical events from longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs) requires selecting plausible outcomes from a large and structured event space under sparse observations. While clinical coding systems provide hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhan Qu , Michael Färber

Temporal reasoning is pivotal for Large Language Models (LLMs) to comprehend the real world. However, existing works neglect the real-world challenges for temporal reasoning: (1) intensive temporal information, (2) fast-changing event…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shaohang Wei , Wei Li , Feifan Song , Wen Luo , Tianyi Zhuang , Haochen Tan , Zhijiang Guo , Houfeng Wang

Remote patient monitoring is crucial in modern healthcare, but current systems struggle with real-time analysis and prediction of vital signs. This paper presents a novel architecture combining deep learning with 5G network capabilities to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Iqra Batool

Effective patient communication is pivotal in healthcare, yet traditional medical training often lacks exposure to diverse, challenging interpersonal dynamics. To bridge this gap, this study proposes the use of Large Language Models (LLMs)…

We introduce iTRIALSPACE, a programmable evaluation framework for controlled assessment of lung CT models. Standard benchmarks are static retrospective collections that entangle lesion size, lobe prevalence, anatomy, and acquisition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Fakrul Islam Tushar , Umme Hafsa Momy , Joseph Y. Lo , Geoffrey D. Rubin

Medical conversational AI (AI) plays a pivotal role in the development of safer and more effective medical dialogue systems. However, existing benchmarks and evaluation frameworks for assessing the information-gathering and diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Lecheng Gong , Weimin Fang , Ting Yang , Dongjie Tao , Chunxiao Guo , Peng Wei , Bo Xie , Jinqun Guan , Zixiao Chen , Fang Shi , Jinjie Gu , Junwei Liu

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across general domains, their effectiveness in real-world clinical practice remains limited. This is likely due to their insufficient exposure to…

Simulation is a powerful tool for exploring uncertainty. Its potential in clinical medicine is transformative and includes personalized treatment planning and virtual clinical trials. However, simulating patient trajectories is challenging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yu Akagi , Tomohisa Seki , Hiromasa Ito , Toru Takiguchi , Kazuhiko Ohe , Yoshimasa Kawazoe

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) aggregate diverse information at the patient level, holding a trajectory representative of the evolution of the patient health status throughout time. Although this information provides context and can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-12 João Figueira Silva , Sérgio Matos