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We propose FlowRL: matching the full reward distribution via flow balancing instead of maximizing rewards in large language model (LLM) reinforcement learning (RL). Recent advanced reasoning models adopt reward-maximizing methods (\eg, PPO…

Mathematical reasoning problems are among the most challenging, as they typically require an understanding of fundamental laws to solve. The laws are universal, but the derivation of the final answer changes depending on how a problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Ryoichi Takase , Masaya Tsunokake , Yuta Tsuchiya , Shota Inuzuka

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have been shown effective to generate combinatorial objects with desired properties. We here propose a new GFlowNet training framework, with policy-dependent rewards, that bridges keeping flow balance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Puhua Niu , Shili Wu , Mingzhou Fan , Xiaoning Qian

Achieving both accuracy and diverse reasoning remains challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex domains like mathematics. A key bottleneck is evaluating intermediate reasoning steps to guide generation without costly human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Adam Younsi , Ahmed Attia , Abdalgader Abubaker , Mohamed El Amine Seddik , Hakim Hacid , Salem Lahlou

The recently proposed generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a method of training a policy to sample compositional discrete objects with probabilities proportional to a given reward via a sequence of actions. GFlowNets exploit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Daniil Tiapkin , Nikita Morozov , Alexey Naumov , Dmitry Vetrov

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently shown promising advancements in sequential decision-making tasks through task-specific fine-tuning. However, common fine-tuning methods, such as Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Haoqiang Kang , Enna Sachdeva , Piyush Gupta , Sangjae Bae , Kwonjoon Lee

Finding the best way to schedule operations in a computation graph is a classical NP-hard problem which is central to compiler optimization. However, evaluating the goodness of a schedule on the target hardware can be very time-consuming.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-15 David W. Zhang , Corrado Rainone , Markus Peschl , Roberto Bondesan

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have been introduced as a method to sample a diverse set of candidates in an active learning context, with a training objective that makes them approximately sample in proportion to a given reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yoshua Bengio , Salem Lahlou , Tristan Deleu , Edward J. Hu , Mo Tiwari , Emmanuel Bengio

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have emerged as an innovative learning paradigm designed to address the challenge of sampling from an unnormalized probability distribution, called the reward function. This framework learns a policy on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Anas Krichel , Nikolay Malkin , Salem Lahlou , Yoshua Bengio

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a family of algorithms that learn a generative policy to sample discrete objects $x$ with non-negative reward $R(x)$. Learning objectives guarantee the GFlowNet samples $x$ from the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Max W. Shen , Emmanuel Bengio , Ehsan Hajiramezanali , Andreas Loukas , Kyunghyun Cho , Tommaso Biancalani

The Generative Flow Network (GFlowNet) is a probabilistic framework in which an agent learns a stochastic policy and flow functions to sample objects proportionally to an unnormalized reward function. A number of recent works explored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Haoran He , Emmanuel Bengio , Qingpeng Cai , Ling Pan

Distributed inference serves as a promising approach to enabling the inference of large language models (LLMs) at the network edge. It distributes the inference process to multiple devices to ensure that the LLMs can fit into the device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xing Liu , Lizhuo Luo , Ming Tang , Chao Huang , Xu Chen

Self-paced reinforcement learning (RL) aims to improve the data efficiency of learning by automatically creating sequences, namely curricula, of probability distributions over contexts. However, existing techniques for self-paced RL fail in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Cevahir Koprulu , Ufuk Topcu

Frontier models have demonstrated exceptional capabilities following the integration of task-reward-based reinforcement learning (RL) into their training pipelines, enabling systems to evolve from pure reasoning models into sophisticated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sarthak Mittal , Leo Gagnon , Guillaume Lajoie

Generative Flow Networks or GFlowNets are related to Monte-Carlo Markov chain methods (as they sample from a distribution specified by an energy function), reinforcement learning (as they learn a policy to sample composed objects through a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ling Pan , Nikolay Malkin , Dinghuai Zhang , Yoshua Bengio

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a family of generative models that learn to sample objects with probabilities proportional to a given reward function. The key concept behind GFlowNets is the use of two stochastic policies: a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Timofei Gritsaev , Nikita Morozov , Sergey Samsonov , Daniil Tiapkin

Finding effective prompts for language models (LMs) is critical yet notoriously difficult: the prompt space is combinatorially large, rewards are sparse due to expensive target-LM evaluation. Yet, existing RL-based prompt optimizers often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Junmo Cho , Suhan Kim , Sangjune An , Minsu Kim , Dong Bok Lee , Heejun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang , Hae Beom Lee

In continual learning (CL), the goal is to design models that can learn a sequence of tasks without catastrophic forgetting. While there is a rich set of techniques for CL, relatively little understanding exists on how representations built…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Yingcong Li , Mingchen Li , M. Salman Asif , Samet Oymak

GFlowNets are a promising alternative to MCMC sampling for discrete compositional random variables. Training GFlowNets requires repeated evaluations of the unnormalized target distribution or reward function. However, for large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Tiago da Silva , Luiz Max Carvalho , Amauri Souza , Samuel Kaski , Diego Mesquita

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms aim to learn an optimal policy by iteratively sampling actions to learn how to maximize the total expected return, $R(x)$. GFlowNets are a special class of algorithms designed to generate diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Nikhil Vemgal , Elaine Lau , Doina Precup
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