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Training agentic models for terminal-based tasks critically depends on high-quality terminal trajectories that capture realistic long-horizon interactions across diverse domains. However, constructing such data at scale remains challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Siwei Wu , Yizhi Li , Yuyang Song , Wei Zhang , Yang Wang , Riza Batista-Navarro , Xian Yang , Mingjie Tang , Bryan Dai , Jian Yang , Chenghua Lin

While reinforcement learning (RL) can empower autonomous agents by enabling self-improvement through interaction, its practical adoption remains challenging due to costly rollouts, limited task diversity, unreliable reward signals, and…

In this paper, we present a technique that improves the process of training an agent (using RL) for instruction following. We develop a training curriculum that uses a nominal number of expert demonstrations and trains the agent in a manner…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Anirudh Srinivasan , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Maxime Chevalier-Boisvert , Yoshua Bengio

Online reviews provide rich information about products and service, while it remains inefficient for potential consumers to exploit the reviews for fulfilling their specific information need. We propose to explore question generation as a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Qian Yu , Lidong Bing , Qiong Zhang , Wai Lam , Luo Si

Large-scale Ads recommendation and auction scoring models at Google scale demand immense computational resources. While specialized hardware like TPUs have improved linear algebra computations, bottlenecks persist in large-scale systems.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-22 George Kurian , Somayeh Sardashti , Ryan Sims , Felix Berger , Gary Holt , Yang Li , Jeremiah Willcock , Kaiyuan Wang , Herve Quiroz , Abdulrahman Salem , Julian Grady

Existing AI benchmarks for software automation rarely combine cross-application coordination, autonomous API discovery, and policy adherence. Real business workflows demand all three: a single task may span a CRM, inbox, calendar, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Daniel Shepard , Robin Salimans

LLM-based web agents have recently made significant progress, but much of it has occurred in closed-source systems, widening the gap with open-source alternatives. Progress has been held back by two key challenges: first, a narrow focus on…

Current paradigms for training GUI agents are fundamentally limited by a reliance on either unsafe, non-reproducible live web interactions or costly, scarce human-crafted data and environments. We argue this focus on data volume overlooks a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sicheng Fan , Qingyun Shi , Shengze Xu , Shengbo Cai , Tieyong Zeng , Li Ling , Yanyi Shang , Dehan Kong

Data-analytic agents are emerging as a key catalyst for automated scientific discovery and for the vision of Innovating AI. Current approaches, however, rely heavily on prompt engineering over proprietary models, while open-source models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Shuofei Qiao , Yanqiu Zhao , Zhisong Qiu , Xiaobin Wang , Jintian Zhang , Zhao Bin , Ningyu Zhang , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen

Algorithm audits have increased in recent years due to a growing need to independently assess the performance of automatically curated services that process, filter, and rank the large and dynamic amount of information available on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Roberto Ulloa , Mykola Makhortykh , Aleksandra Urman

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential as autonomous agents, particularly in web-based tasks. However, existing LLM web agents heavily rely on expensive proprietary LLM APIs, while open LLMs lack the necessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zehan Qi , Xiao Liu , Iat Long Iong , Hanyu Lai , Xueqiao Sun , Wenyi Zhao , Yu Yang , Xinyue Yang , Jiadai Sun , Shuntian Yao , Tianjie Zhang , Wei Xu , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Recent advances in deep-research systems have demonstrated the potential for AI agents to autonomously discover and synthesize knowledge from external sources. In this paper, we introduce WebResearcher, a novel framework for building such…

We introduce REAL, a benchmark and framework for multi-turn agent evaluations on deterministic simulations of real-world websites. REAL comprises high-fidelity, deterministic replicas of 11 widely-used websites across domains such as…

Large Action models are essential for enabling autonomous agents to perform complex tasks. However, training such models remains challenging due to the diversity of agent environments and the complexity of noisy agentic data. Existing…

Advanced agentic intelligence is a prerequisite for deploying Large Language Models in practical, real-world applications. Diverse real-world APIs demand precise, robust function-calling intelligence, which needs agents to develop these…

Developing and evaluating e-commerce web agents requires environments that preserve meaningful task structure while enabling controllable, reproducible, and scalable scientific comparison. Existing methodologies force a tradeoff: live…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Chinmay Savadikar , Mingyu Zhao , Yuanzheng Zhu , Han Li , Shuang Xie , Alberto Castelo , Tianfu Wu , Lingyun Wang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly operate as Deep Research (DR) Agents capable of autonomous investigation and information synthesis, reliable evaluation of their task performance has become a critical bottleneck. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yiwen Gao , Ruochen Zhao , Yang Deng , Wenxuan Zhang

A considerable increase in enrollment numbers poses major challenges in course management, such as fragmented information sharing, inefficient meetings, and poor understanding of course activities among a large team of teaching assistants.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Ildar Akhmetov , Sadaf Ahmed , Kezziah Ayuno

Reinforcement learning is a powerful technique to train an agent to perform a task. However, an agent that is trained using reinforcement learning is only capable of achieving the single task that is specified via its reward function. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Carlos Florensa , David Held , Xinyang Geng , Pieter Abbeel

LLM-powered agents face a persistent challenge: learning from their execution experiences to improve future performance. While agents can successfully complete many tasks, they often repeat inefficient patterns, fail to recover from similar…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Gaodan Fang , Vatche Isahagian , K. R. Jayaram , Ritesh Kumar , Vinod Muthusamy , Punleuk Oum , Gegi Thomas
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