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Chemical imaging provides information about the distribution of chemicals within a target. When combined with structural information about the target, in situ chemical imaging opens the door to applications ranging from tissue…
All spectrometers rely on some mechanism to achieve spectral selectivity; common examples include gratings, prisms, and interferometers with moving mirrors. We experimentally demonstrated and validated a spectroscopic technique -- here…
Air pollutant exposure exhibits significant spatial and temporal variability, with localized hotspots, particularly in traffic microenvironments, posing health risks to commuters. Although widely used for air quality assessment, fixed-site…
Radio interferometers can potentially detect the sky-averaged signal from the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) by studying the Moon as a thermal block to the foreground sky. The first step is to mitigate the Earth-based…
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas, and its detection and quantification are crucial for mitigating the greenhouse effect. This study presents a comparative analysis of methane emissions observed using near-simultaneous observations…
An increasing number of potentially habitable terrestrial planets and planet candidates are found by ongoing planet search programs. The search for atmospheric signatures to establish planetary habitability and the presence of life might be…
Monitoring air pollution is crucial for protecting human health from exposure to harmful substances. Traditional methods of air quality monitoring, such as ground-based sensors and satellite-based remote sensing, face limitations due to…
Thermal electron measurements in space plasmas typically suffer at low energies from spacecraft emissions of photo- and secondary electrons and from charging of the spacecraft body. We examine these effects by use of numerical simulations…
Air pollution poses a significant threat to public health and well-being, particularly in urban areas. This study introduces a series of machine-learning models that integrate data from the Sentinel-5P satellite, meteorological conditions,…
In observations of diffuse emissions like, e.g., the Lyman-$\alpha$ heliospheric glow, contributions to the observed signal from point sources (e.g., stars) are considered as a contamination. There are relatively few brightest point sources…
Current understanding of the ammonia distribution in Jupiter's atmosphere is provided by observations from major ground-based facilities and spacecraft, and analyzed with sophisticated retrieval models that recover high fidelity…
We present joint observations of the Sun by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The observations were made of a solar active region on 2015 December 18 as part of the…
This paper discusses the science case for a sensitive spectro-polarimetric survey of the microwave sky. Such a survey would provide a tomographic and dynamic census of the three-dimensional distribution of hot gas, velocity flows, early…
Measuring the relative amount of high-temperature, low-emission-measure plasma is considered to be a smoking gun observation to constrain the frequency of plasma heating in coronal structures. Often, narrowband, extreme ultraviolet images,…
DEM analysis is a major diagnostic tool for stellar atmospheres. But both its derivation and its interpretation are notably difficult because of random and systematic errors, and the inverse nature of the problem. We use simulations with…
Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases, and its short atmospheric half-life makes it a prime target to rapidly curb global warming. However, current methane emission monitoring techniques primarily rely on approximate emission…
Observations of far-infrared (FIR) and submillimeter (SMM) polarized emission are used to study magnetic fields and dust grains in dense regions of the interstellar medium (ISM). These observations place constraints on models of molecular…
Marine pollution is a growing worldwide concern, affecting health of marine ecosystems, human health, climate change, and weather patterns. To reduce underwater pollution, it is critical to have access to accurate information about the…
We review the terms, spectral radiance and spectral irradiance, and show how their precise definitions are crucial for interpreting observations made with different instruments covering widely different energy or wavelength ranges. We show…
Ammonia (NH3) emissions significantly contribute to atmospheric pollution, yet discrepancies exist between bottom-up inventories and satellite-constrained top-down estimates, with the latter typically one-third higher. This study quantifies…