Related papers: Insights on Muon from Simple Quadratics
The "proton size puzzle" and the "muon anomalous moment problem" are incomplete descriptions of significant discrepancies of Standard Model calculations with experiments. What is particularly new is that the experiments and theory confront…
The standard numerical approach to determining matrix elements of local operators and width of resonances uses the finite volume dependence of energy levels and matrix elements. Finite size corrections that decay exponentially in the volume…
In this article, we explore the use of various matrix norms for optimizing functions of weight matrices, a crucial problem in training large language models. Moving beyond the spectral norm underlying the Muon update, we leverage duals of…
Multimodular functions, primarily used in the literature of queueing theory, discrete-event systems, and operations research, constitute a fundamental function class in discrete convex analysis. The objective of this paper is to clarify the…
Operator convex functions defined on the positive half-line play a prominent role in the theory of quantum information, where they are used to define quantum $f$-divergences. Such functions admit integral representations in terms of…
Muon has recently shown promising results in LLM training. In this work, we study how to further improve Muon. We argue that Muon's orthogonalized update rule suppresses the emergence of heavy-tailed weight spectra and over-emphasizes the…
We study the complete set of flavor changing hyperon axial current matrix elements at small momentum transfer. Using partially quenched heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, we derive the chiral and momentum behavior of the axial and…
The analytical expression for angular integral flux of atmospheric muons in matter with the explicit relation of its parameters with those of the sea level spectrum is obtained. The fitting formula for the sea level muon spectrum at…
The numerical computations of many quantities of theoretical and phenomenological interest are plagued by statistical errors which increase exponentially with the distance of the sources in the relevant correlators. Notable examples are…
A range of recent optimizers have emerged that approximate the same "matrix-whitening" transformation in various ways. In this work, we systematically deconstruct such optimizers, aiming to disentangle the key components that explain…
In recent years, Muon has emerged as the dominant method for training large language models, and transformers more broadly. The essential difference, when compared to standard gradient descent methods, is to replace the usual update matrix…
I provide updates for the theoretical predictions of the muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments, for the shift in the fine structure constant $\alpha(M_Z)$ and for the weak mixing parameter $\sin^2 \Theta_W(M_Z)$. Phenomenological…
Advances in accelerator technology have led to significant improvements in the quality of muon beams over the past decades. Investigations of the muon and muonium enable precise measurements of fundamental constants, as well as searches for…
The dominant theoretical uncertainties in both, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and the value of the electromagnetic coupling at the Z scale arise from their hadronic contributions. Since these will ultimately dominate the…
A novel single-frame quaternion estimator processing two vector observations is introduced. The singular cases are examined, and appropriate rotational solutions are provided. Additionally, an alternative method involving sequential…
The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is an important observable that tests radiative corrections of all three observed local gauge forces: electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions. High precision measurements reveal some…
We present the current Standard Model (SM) prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_\mu$, updating the first White Paper (WP20) [1]. The pure QED and electroweak contributions have been further consolidated, while hadronic…
The QED hadronic vacuum polarization function plays an important role in the determination of precision electroweak observables and of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. These contributions have been computed from data, by means of…
We generalize the existing analyses of the parity violating muon polarization asymmetry $\Delta_{LR}$ in $K^+\to\pi^+\mu^+\mu^-$ beyond the leading logarithmic approximation. The inclusion of next--to--leading QCD corrections reduces the…
Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is widely used for task-specific adaptation, yet recent work shows it systematically undermines reasoning generalization. We argue the root cause is not memorization itself, but its target: vanilla SFT drives…