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Efficiently processing long sequences with Transformer models usually requires splitting the computations across accelerators via context parallelism. The dominant approaches in this family of methods, such as Ring Attention or DeepSpeed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ravi Ghadia , Maksim Abraham , Sergei Vorobyov , Max Ryabinin

As long-context inference becomes central to large language models (LLMs), attention over growing key-value caches emerges as a dominant decoding bottleneck, motivating sparse attention for scalable inference. Fixed-budget top-k sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Wentao Ni , Kangqi Zhang , Zhongming Yu , Oren Nelson , Mingu Lee , Hong Cai , Fatih Porikli , Jongryool Kim , Zhijian Liu , Jishen Zhao

Efficient Transformers have been developed for long sequence modeling, due to their subquadratic memory and time complexity. Sparse Transformer is a popular approach to improving the efficiency of Transformers by restricting self-attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Aosong Feng , Irene Li , Yuang Jiang , Rex Ying

The quadratic complexity of attention remains the central bottleneck in long-context inference for large language models. Prior acceleration methods either sparsify the attention map with structured patterns or permanently evict tokens at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Dongwon Jo , Beomseok Kang , Jiwon Song , Jae-Joon Kim

Scaling the effective context length is essential for advancing large language models (LLMs) toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). However, the quadratic increase in computational complexity inherent in traditional attention…

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly require processing long text sequences, but GPU memory limitations force difficult trade-offs between memory capacity and bandwidth. While HBM-based acceleration offers high bandwidth, its capacity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Qingyuan Liu , Liyan Chen , Yanning Yang , Haocheng Wang , Dong Du , Zhigang Mao , Naifeng Jing , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

We present LongQLoRA, an efficient and effective method to extend context length of large language models with less training resources. LongQLoRA combines the advantages of Position Interpolation, QLoRA and Shift Short Attention of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Jianxin Yang

Recent works have demonstrated that attention-based transformer and large language model (LLM) architectures can achieve strong channel state prediction (CSP) performance by capturing long-range temporal dependencies across channel state…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Aladin Djuhera , Haris Gacanin , Holger Boche

The Transformer architecture has become a cornerstone of modern artificial intelligence, but its core self-attention mechanism suffers from a complexity bottleneck that scales quadratically with sequence length, severely limiting its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhongpan Tang

In Diffusion Transformer (DiT) models, particularly for video generation, attention latency is a major bottleneck due to the long sequence length and the quadratic complexity. We find that attention weights can be separated into two parts:…

Accommodating long sequences efficiently in autoregressive Transformers, especially within an extended context window, poses significant challenges due to the quadratic computational complexity and substantial KV memory requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Chao Lou , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng , Kewei Tu

Most current long-context language models still rely on attention to handle both local interaction and long-range state, which leaves relatively little room to test alternative decompositions of sequence modeling. We propose LPC-SM, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-11 Keqin Xie

Attention-based large language models (LLMs) have transformed modern AI applications, but the quadratic cost of self-attention imposes significant compute and memory overhead. Dynamic sparsity (DS) attention mitigates this, yet its hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Huizheng Wang , Hongbin Wang , Shaojun Wei , Yang Hu , Shouyi Yin

The increasing demand for long-context modeling in large language models (LLMs) is bottlenecked by the quadratic complexity of the standard self-attention mechanism. The community has proposed sparse attention to mitigate this issue.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jingze Shi , Yifan Wu , Yiran Peng , Bingheng Wu , Liangdong Wang , Guang Liu , Yuyu Luo

The quadratic complexity and weak length extrapolation of Transformers limits their ability to scale to long sequences, and while sub-quadratic solutions like linear attention and state space models exist, they empirically underperform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Xuezhe Ma , Xiaomeng Yang , Wenhan Xiong , Beidi Chen , Lili Yu , Hao Zhang , Jonathan May , Luke Zettlemoyer , Omer Levy , Chunting Zhou

Transformers with linear attention (i.e., linear transformers) and state-space models have recently been suggested as a viable linear-time alternative to transformers with softmax attention. However, these models still underperform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Songlin Yang , Bailin Wang , Yu Zhang , Yikang Shen , Yoon Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

This paper proposes Block-Filtered Long-Context Attention (BFLA), a training-free sparse prefill attention mechanism for long-context inference. BFLA adopts a two-stage design. In Stage 1, query and key sequences are compressed into coarse…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Chong Wu , Zhenan Feng , Renjie Xu , Houwang Zhang , Jiawang Cao , Maolin Che , Wenbo Zhu , Hong Yan

Long-context capability is critical for multi-modal foundation models, especially for long video understanding. We introduce LongVILA, a full-stack solution for long-context visual-language models by co-designing the algorithm and system.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Yukang Chen , Fuzhao Xue , Dacheng Li , Qinghao Hu , Ligeng Zhu , Xiuyu Li , Yunhao Fang , Haotian Tang , Shang Yang , Zhijian Liu , Ethan He , Hongxu Yin , Pavlo Molchanov , Jan Kautz , Linxi Fan , Yuke Zhu , Yao Lu , Song Han

Modern diffusion models, particularly those utilizing a Transformer-based UNet for denoising, rely heavily on self-attention operations to manage complex spatial relationships, thus achieving impressive generation performance. However, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Songhua Liu , Weihao Yu , Zhenxiong Tan , Xinchao Wang