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Reward-free exploration is a reinforcement learning setting studied by Jin et al. (2020), who address it by running several algorithms with regret guarantees in parallel. In our work, we instead give a more natural adaptive approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Emilie Kaufmann , Pierre Ménard , Omar Darwiche Domingues , Anders Jonsson , Edouard Leurent , Michal Valko

Being able to reason about how one's behaviour can affect the behaviour of others is a core skill required of intelligent driving agents. Despite this, the state of the art struggles to meet the need of agents to discover causal links…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Rhys Howard , Lars Kunze

Multi-agent reinforcement learning serves as an effective tool for studying strategy adaptation in evolutionary games. Although prior work has integrated Q-learning with reputation mechanisms to promote cooperation, most existing algorithms…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 An Li , Wenqiang Zhu , Chaoqian Wang , Longzhao Liu , Hongwei Zheng , Yishen Jiang , Xin Wang , Shaoting Tang

Collective intelligence is the ability of a group to perform more effectively than any individual alone. Diversity among group members is a key condition for the emergence of collective intelligence, but maintaining diversity is challenging…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Richard P. Mann , Dirk Helbing

Exploration is a crucial skill for in-context reinforcement learning in unknown environments. However, it remains unclear if large language models can effectively explore a partially hidden state space. This work isolates exploration as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tim Grams , Patrick Betz , Sascha Marton , Stefan Lüdtke , Christian Bartelt

Human players in professional team sports achieve high level coordination by dynamically choosing complementary skills and executing primitive actions to perform these skills. As a step toward creating intelligent agents with this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Jiachen Yang , Igor Borovikov , Hongyuan Zha

We study the problem of designing autonomous agents that can learn to cooperate effectively with a potentially suboptimal partner while having no access to the joint reward function. This problem is modeled as a cooperative episodic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Thomas Kleine Buening , Anne-Marie George , Christos Dimitrakakis

Cross-silo federated learning (FL) is a typical FL that enables organizations(e.g., financial or medical entities) to train global models on isolated data. Reasonable incentive is key to encouraging organizations to contribute data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Shijing Yuan , Hongze Liu , Hongtao Lv , Zhanbo Feng , Jie Li , Hongyang Chen , Chentao Wu

Ensuring sufficient exploration is a central challenge when training meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) agents to solve novel environments. Conventional solutions to the exploration-exploitation dilemma inject explicit incentives such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Micah Rentschler , Jesse Roberts

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful method for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Outcome-based RL, which rewards policies solely for the correctness of the final answer, yields substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yuda Song , Julia Kempe , Remi Munos

Actor-critic (AC) algorithms are a class of model-free deep reinforcement learning algorithms, which have proven their efficacy in diverse domains, especially in solving continuous control problems. Improvement of exploration (action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Chayan Banerjee , Zhiyong Chen , Nasimul Noman

The primary objective of Multi-Agent Pathfinding (MAPF) is to plan efficient and conflict-free paths for all agents. Traditional multi-agent path planning algorithms struggle to achieve efficient distributed path planning for multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zhenyu Song , Ronghao Zheng , Senlin Zhang , Meiqin Liu

In many real-world scenarios, rewards extrinsic to the agent are extremely sparse, or absent altogether. In such cases, curiosity can serve as an intrinsic reward signal to enable the agent to explore its environment and learn skills that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Deepak Pathak , Pulkit Agrawal , Alexei A. Efros , Trevor Darrell

The effectiveness of model training heavily relies on the quality of available training resources. However, budget constraints often impose limitations on data collection efforts. To tackle this challenge, we introduce causal exploration in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Yupei Yang , Biwei Huang , Shikui Tu , Lei Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) often struggles to accomplish a sparse-reward long-horizon task in a complex environment. Goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) has been employed to tackle this difficult problem via a curriculum of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Lisheng Wu , Ke Chen

We introduce exploration potential, a quantity that measures how much a reinforcement learning agent has explored its environment class. In contrast to information gain, exploration potential takes the problem's reward structure into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-21 Jan Leike

We study inverse mechanism learning: recovering an unknown incentive-generating mechanism from observed strategic interaction traces of self-interested learning agents. Unlike inverse game theory and multi-agent inverse reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zhiyu An , Wan Du

Multiagent systems can use commitments as the core of a general coordination infrastructure, supporting both cooperative and non-cooperative interactions. Agents whose objectives are aligned, and where one agent can help another achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Qi Zhang , Edmund H. Durfee , Satinder Singh

Exploration is a prerequisite for learning useful behaviors in sparse-reward, long-horizon tasks, particularly within 3D environments. Curiosity-driven reinforcement learning addresses this via intrinsic rewards derived from the mismatch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Lily Goli , Justin Kerr , Daniele Reda , Alec Jacobson , Andrea Tagliasacchi , Angjoo Kanazawa

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle in sparse-reward environments where traditional exploration strategies fail to discover effective action sequences. Large Language Models (LLMs) possess procedural knowledge and reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Vaibhav Jain , Gerrit Grossmann
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