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Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents have emerged as a transformative paradigm in human-computer interaction, evolving from rule-based automation scripts to sophisticated AI-driven systems capable of understanding and executing complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Fei Tang , Haolei Xu , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Xingyu Wu , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Guiyang Hou , Zeqi Tan , Yuchen Yan , Kaitao Song , Jian Shao , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Nowadays, research on GUI agents is a hot topic in the AI community. However, current research focuses on GUI task automation, limiting the scope of applications in various GUI scenarios. In this paper, we propose a formalized and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kangjia Zhao , Jiahui Song , Leigang Sha , Haozhan Shen , Zhi Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Xiubo Liang , Jianwei Yin

Although numerous strategies have recently been proposed to enhance the autonomous interaction capabilities of multimodal agents in graphical user interface (GUI), their reliability remains limited when faced with complex or out-of-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Pengzhou Cheng , Lingzhong Dong , Zeng Wu , Zongru Wu , Xiangru Tang , Chengwei Qin , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

GUI agents powered by LLMs show promise in interacting with diverse digital environments. Among these, video games offer a valuable testbed due to their varied interfaces, with adventure games posing additional challenges through complex,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jaewoo Ahn , Junseo Kim , Heeseung Yun , Jaehyeon Son , Dongmin Park , Jaewoong Cho , Gunhee Kim

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding, the ability to map natural language instructions to specific actions on graphical user interfaces, remains a critical bottleneck in computer use agent development. Current benchmarks oversimplify…

As agentic AI systems increasingly operate autonomously, establishing trust through verifiable evaluation becomes critical. Yet existing benchmarks lack the transparency and auditability needed to assess whether agents behave reliably. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hyunjun Kim , Sooyoung Ryu

Computer-use agents (CUAs) automate on-screen work, as illustrated by GPT-5.4 and Claude. Yet their reliability on complex, low-frequency interactions is still poor, limiting user trust. Our analysis of failure cases from advanced models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Miaosen Zhang , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhihong Tan , Zhou Huoshen , Yijia Fan , Yifan Yang , Kai Qiu , Bei Liu , Justin Wagle , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Ji Li , Qi Dai , Chong Luo , Xu Yang , Xin Geng , Baining Guo

Recent advances in large language models have improved the capabilities of coding agents, yet systematic evaluation of complex, end-to-end website development remains limited. To address this gap, we introduce Vision2Web, a hierarchical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Zehai He , Wenyi Hong , Zhen Yang , Ziyang Pan , Mingdao Liu , Xiaotao Gu , Jie Tang

Developing AI agents capable of interacting with open-world environments to solve diverse tasks is a compelling challenge. However, evaluating such open-ended agents remains difficult, with current benchmarks facing scalability limitations.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xinyue Zheng , Haowei Lin , Kaichen He , Zihao Wang , Zilong Zheng , Yitao Liang

Learners are often introduced to programming via dedicated languages such as Scratch, where block-based commands are assembled visually in order to control the interactions of graphical sprites. Automated testing of such programs is an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Katharina Götz , Patric Feldmeier , Gordon Fraser

Large language model-based web agents have demonstrated strong performance on realistic web interaction tasks. However, existing evaluations are predominantly conducted under relatively stable and well-behaved interaction conditions, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haoyue Bai , Dong Wang , Long Chen , Bingguang Hao , Pengyang Shao , Yonghui Yang , Yicheng He , Chenyi Zhuang

Current mobile GUI agent benchmarks systematically fail to assess memory capabilities, with only 5.2-11.8% memory-related tasks and no cross-session learning evaluation. We introduce MemGUI-Bench, a comprehensive memory-centric benchmark…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Guangyi Liu , Pengxiang Zhao , Yaozhen Liang , Qinyi Luo , Shunye Tang , Yuxiang Chai , Weifeng Lin , Han Xiao , WenHao Wang , Siheng Chen , Zhengxi Lu , Gao Wu , Hao Wang , Liang Liu , Yong Liu

Generating a game is not the same as making one that can be played. Despite advances in code generation, existing approaches treat game generation as one-shot translation from prompt to artifact, leaving interaction-level failures…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yixu Huang , Bo Li , Na Li , Zhe Wang , Kaijie Chen , Haonan Ge , Qingyi Si , Yuanzhe Shen , Ruihan Yang , Guangjing Wang , Hongcheng Guo

Creative coding platforms like Scratch have democratized programming for children, yet translating imaginative ideas into functional code remains a significant hurdle for many young learners. While AI copilots assist adult programmers, few…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Stefania Druga , Amy J. Ko

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents extend large language models from text generation to action execution in real-world digital environments. Unlike conversational systems, GUI agents perform irreversible operations such as submitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Jingyuan Huang , Wenlin Yao , Wenhu Chen , Ninghao Liu

Towards an embodied generalist for real-world interaction, Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents still suffer from challenging latency, sparse feedback, and irreversible mistakes. Video games offer an ideal testbed with rich visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mingyu Ouyang , Siyuan Hu , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Hwee Tou Ng , Mike Zheng Shou

(M)LLM-powered computer use agents (CUA) are emerging as a transformative technique to automate human-computer interaction. However, existing CUA benchmarks predominantly target GUI agents, whose evaluation methods are susceptible to UI…

Autonomous agents that execute human tasks by controlling computers can enhance human productivity and application accessibility. However, progress in this field will be driven by realistic and reproducible benchmarks. We present…

As AI agents increasingly operate in open, real-world environments, they require a deep synergy of multimodal perception, tool invocation with multi-hop reasoning, and dynamic interaction with users. However, existing benchmarks fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yunqi Liu , Tong Niu , Zitong Wang , Zhenlong Dai , Yuqi Qing , Weiqiang Wang , Jian Liu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation holds significant promise for enhancing human productivity by assisting with computer tasks. Existing task formulations primarily focus on simple tasks that can be specified by a single,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Linjie Li , Difei Gao , Qinchen WU , Mingyi Yan , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou