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The rapid growth of AI-driven data centers and large-scale energy storage systems is increasing the reliance of power system operation on real-time measurement data and automated decision-making. However, many existing detection methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xin Li , Chenhan Xiao , Jonathan Cohen , Aviad Elyashar , Yang Weng , Rami Puzis

The integration of information and physical systems in modern power grids has heightened vulnerabilities to False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs), threatening the secure operation of power cyber-physical systems (CPS). This paper reviews…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xiaoyong Bo

False Data Injection (FDI) attacks are one of the challenges that the modern power system, as a cyber-physical system, is encountering. Designing AC FDI attacks that accurately address the physics of the power systems could jeopardize the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Mohammadreza Iranpour , Mohammad Rasoul Narimani

False Data Injection Attack (FDIA) has become a growing concern in modern cyber-physical power systems. Most existing FDIA detection techniques project the raw measurement data into a high-dimensional latent space to separate normal and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Shengyang Wu , Jingyu Wang , Dongyuan Shi

Over the last decade, the number of cyberattacks targeting power systems and causing physical and economic damages has increased rapidly. Among them, False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) is a class of cyberattacks against power grid…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Ali Sayghe , Yaodan Hu , Ioannis Zografopoulos , XiaoRui Liu , Raj Gautam Dutta , Yier Jin , Charalambos Konstantinou

State estimation is a data processing algorithm for converting redundant meter measurements and other information into an estimate of the state of a power system. Relying heavily on meter measurements, state estimation has proven to be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-27 Mingqiu Du , Georgia Pierrou , Xiaozhe Wang , Marthe Kassouf

With the deeper penetration of inverter-based resources in power systems, false data injection attacks (FDIA) are a growing cyber-security concern. They have the potential to disrupt the system's stability like frequency stability, thereby…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Abhijeet Sahu , Truc Nguyen , Kejun Chen , Xiangyu Zhang , Malik Hassanaly

Training and evaluating false data injection attack (FDIA) detectors for power systems is constrained by data scarcity. Operational grid measurements are commercially sensitive, and hand-crafted attacks fail to capture complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mohammad A. Razzaque , Muta Tah Hira

The evolution of the traditional power system towards the modern smart grid has posed many new cybersecurity challenges to this critical infrastructure. One of the most dangerous cybersecurity threats is the False Data Injection (FDI)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Nam N. Tran , Hemanshu R. Pota , Quang N. Tran , Xuefei Yin , Jiankun Hu

False data injection attacks (FDIAs) pose a significant security threat to power system state estimation. To detect such attacks, recent studies have proposed machine learning (ML) techniques, particularly deep neural networks (DNNs).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Jiangnan Li , Yingyuan Yang , Jinyuan Stella Sun , Kevin Tomsovic , Hairong Qi

An unobservable false data injection (FDI) attack on AC state estimation (SE) is introduced and its consequences on the physical system are studied. With a focus on understanding the physical consequences of FDI attacks, a bi-level…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Jingwen Liang , Lalitha Sankar , Oliver Kosut

A class of data integrity attack, known as false data injection (FDI) attack, has been studied with a considerable amount of work. It has shown that with perfect knowledge of the system model and the capability to manipulate a certain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Kaikai Pan , André Teixeira , Milos Cvetkovic , Peter Palensky

Power systems are moving towards hybrid AC/DC grids with the integration of HVDC links, renewable resources and energy storage modules. New models of frequency control have to consider the complex interactions between these components.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Kaikai Pan , Elyas Rakhshani , Peter Palensky

Robotic systems are vulnerable to False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs), where adversaries corrupt sensor signals to gain malicious control. Feedback linearization exposes robotic systems to integrator vulnerability, making them susceptible…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Gabriele Gualandi , Carl Mikael Larsson , Alessandro V. Papadopoulos

We address the problem of constructing false data injection (FDI) attacks that can bypass the bad data detector (BDD) of a power grid. The attacker is assumed to have access to only power flow measurement data traces (collected over a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Subhash Lakshminarayana , Abla Kammoun , Merouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor

Most traditional false data injection attack (FDIA) detection approaches rely on a key assumption, i.e., the power system can be accurately modeled. However, the transmission line parameters are dynamic and cannot be accurately known during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-09 Bowen Xu , Fanghong Guo , Changyun Wen , Ruilong Deng , Wen-An Zhang

recent literature has proposed various detection and identification methods for FDIAs, but few studies have focused on a solution that would prevent such attacks from occurring. However, great strides have been made using deep learning to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-05 Fayha ALmutairy , Reem Shadid , Safwan Wshah

A novel false data injection attack (FDIA) model against DC state estimation is proposed, which requires no network parameters and exploits only limited phasor measurement unit (PMU) data. The proposed FDIA model can target specific states…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-25 Mingqiu Du , Georgia Pierrou , Xiaozhe Wang

The reliable operation of power grid is supported by energy management systems (EMS) that provide monitoring and control functionalities. Contingency analysis is a critical application of EMS to evaluate the impacts of outages and prepare…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Xiaorui Liu , Yaodan Hu , Charalambos Konstantinou , Yier Jin

False Data Injection (FDI) attacks are a significant threat to modern power systems. Although numerous research studies have focused on FDI attacks on power systems, these studies have primarily concentrated on designing or detecting DC FDI…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Mohammadreza Iranpour , Mohammad Rasoul Narimani
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