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We introduce a novel method to unite deep learning with biology by which generative adversarial networks (GANs) generate transcriptome perturbations and reveal condition-defining gene expression patterns. We find that a generator…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-02 Colin Targonski , Benjamin T. Shealy , Melissa C. Smith , F. Alex Feltus

Convolutional Neural Networks have been a subject of great importance over the past decade and great strides have been made in their utility for producing state of the art performance in many computer vision problems. However, the behavior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Swami Sankaranarayanan , Arpit Jain , Ser Nam Lim

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides high-dimensional profiles of cellular states, enabling data-driven modeling of cellular dynamics over time. In practice, time-resolved scRNA-seq is collected at only a few discrete time points…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Siyu Pu , Qingqing Long , Xiaohan Huang , Haotian Chen , Jiajia Wang , Meng Xiao , Xiao Luo , Hengshu Zhu , Yuanchun Zhou , Xuezhi Wang

We introduce Permutation and Structured Perturbation Inference (PSPI), a new problem formulation that abstracts many graph matching tasks that arise in systems biology. PSPI can be viewed as a robust formulation of the permutation inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Raghvendra Mall , Shameem A. Parambath , Han Yufei , Ting Yu , Sanjay Chawla

When reliable target structures are unavailable at scale or phenotypes arise from dysregulated pathways, transcriptomic perturbations provide a system-level functional readout for drug action. In this work, we formalize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ziyu Xu , Zijian Zhang , Liang Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

We train a neural network to predict distributional responses in gene expression following genetic perturbations. This is an essential task in early-stage drug discovery, where such responses can offer insights into gene function and inform…

Phenotypic drug discovery has attracted widespread attention because of its potential to identify bioactive molecules. Transcriptomic profiling provides a comprehensive reflection of phenotypic changes in cellular responses to external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Hui Liu , Shikai Jin

Cellular differentiation is governed by gene regulatory networks, the high-dimensional stochastic biochemical systems that determine the transcriptional landscape and mediate cellular responses to signals and perturbations. Although…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-29 Suryanarayana Maddu , Victor Chardès , Michael J. Shelley

Predicting transcriptional responses to unseen genetic perturbations is essential for understanding gene regulation and prioritizing large-scale perturbation experiments. Existing approaches either rely on static, potentially incomplete…

Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) has been widely adopted in text generation. Among many variants, recurrent VAE learns token-wise latent variables with each conditioned on the preceding ones, which captures sequential variability better in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Jinyi Hu , Xiaoyuan Yi , Wenhao Li , Maosong Sun , Xing Xie

Despite theoretical advantages, causal methods for Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) inference from single-cell RNA-seq data consistently fail to match or outperform correlation-based baselines in many realistic benchmarks, a persistent puzzle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Miguel Fernandez-de-Retana , Ruben Sanchez-Corcuera , Unai Zulaika , Aritz Bilbao-Jayo , Aitor Almeida

We revisit the dynamics of a gene repressed by its own protein in the case where the transcription rate does not adapt instantaneously to protein concentration but is a dynamical variable. We derive analytical criteria for the appearance of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2009-02-19 Pierre-Emmanuel Morant , Quentin Thommen , François Lemaire , Constant Vandermoëre , Benjamin Parent , Marc Lefranc

Predicting spatial gene expression from routine H\&E enables large-scale molecular profiling, yet current models treat this as isolated pointwise tasks, thereby overlooking essential biological structures like gene coordination and spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qi Si , Penglei Wang , Yushuai Wu , Yifeng Jiao , Xuyang Liu , Xin Guo , Yuan Qi , Yuan Cheng

Single-Cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) measurements have facilitated genome-scale transcriptomic profiling of individual cells, with the hope of deconvolving cellular dynamic changes in corresponding cell sub-populations to better…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-06 Seyednami Niyakan , Ehsan Hajiramezanali , Shahin Boluki , Siamak Zamani Dadaneh , Xiaoning Qian

Gene transcription is a highly stochastic and dynamic process. As a result, the mRNA copy number of a given gene is heterogeneous both between cells and across time. We present a framework to model gene transcription in populations of cells…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-01-10 Justine Dattani , Mauricio Barahona

Language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning tasks through test-time scaling techniques like best-of-N sampling and tree search. However, these approaches often demand substantial computational resources, creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Woomin Song , Saket Dingliwal , Sai Muralidhar Jayanthi , Bhavana Ganesh , Jinwoo Shin , Aram Galstyan , Sravan Babu Bodapati

An important problem in the analysis of high-dimensional omics data is to identify subsets of molecular variables that are associated with a phenotype of interest. This requires addressing the challenges of high dimensionality, strong…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-05 Fan Wang , Sylvia Richardson , Steven M. Hill

In many organisms the expression levels of each gene are controlled by the activation levels of known "Transcription Factors" (TF). A problem of considerable interest is that of estimating the "Transcription Regulation Networks" (TRN)…

Applications · Statistics 2010-11-09 Gareth M. James , Chiara Sabatti , Nengfeng Zhou , Ji Zhu

Inferring the structure of gene regulatory networks (GRN) from gene expression data has many applications, from the elucidation of complex biological processes to the identification of potential drug targets. It is however a notoriously…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-05-08 Anne-Claire Haury , Fantine Mordelet , Paola Vera-Licona , Jean-Philippe Vert

We consider the problem of modeling the effects of perturbations like gene knockouts on measurements such as single-cell RNA counts. Given data for some perturbations, we aim to predict the distribution of measurements for new combinations…