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We introduce a new family of quantum circuits for which the scrambling of a subspace of non-local operators is classically simulable. We call these circuits `super-Clifford circuits', since the Heisenberg time evolution of these operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Mike Blake , Noah Linden

The state-of-the-art machine learning approaches are based on classical von Neumann computing architectures and have been widely used in many industrial and academic domains. With the recent development of quantum computing, researchers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Jun Qi , Pin-Yu Chen , Xiaoli Ma , Hsi-Sheng Goan

Classical simulation is essential in quantum algorithm development and quantum device verification. With the increasing complexity and diversity of quantum circuit structures, existing classical simulation algorithms need to be improved and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yaojian Chen , Zhaoqi Sun , Chengyu Qiu , Zegang Li , Yanfei Liu , Lin Gan , Xiaohui Duan , Guangwen Yang

Quantum generative modeling is a growing area of interest for industry-relevant applications. With the field still in its infancy, there are many competing techniques. This work is an attempt to systematically compare a broad range of these…

Quantum computers can efficiently sample from probability distributions that are believed to be classically intractable, providing a foundation for quantum generative modeling. However, practical training of such models remains challenging,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Maria Demidik , Cenk Tüysüz , Michele Grossi , Karl Jansen

Generative modeling using samples drawn from the probability distribution constitutes a powerful approach for unsupervised machine learning. Quantum mechanical systems can produce probability distributions that exhibit quantum correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-07 Xun Gao , Eric R. Anschuetz , Sheng-Tao Wang , J. Ignacio Cirac , Mikhail D. Lukin

We present a pedagogical, hands-on tutorial on \emph{replica tensor-network} techniques for random quantum circuits. At its core, the method recasts circuit-averaged observables acting on multiple copies of the system as the contraction of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Xhek Turkeshi

Parameterized quantum circuits have been extensively used as the basis for machine learning models in regression, classification, and generative tasks. For supervised learning, their expressivity has been thoroughly investigated and several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Alice Barthe , Michele Grossi , Sofia Vallecorsa , Jordi Tura , Vedran Dunjko

Quantum Generative Modelling (QGM) relies on preparing quantum states and generating samples from these states as hidden - or known - probability distributions. As distributions from some classes of quantum states (circuits) are inherently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-09 Sachin Kasture , Oleksandr Kyriienko , Vincent E. Elfving

Random quantum circuits take an input quantum state and randomize it. This is a task with a growing number of identified uses in quantum information processing. We suggest a scheme to implement random circuits in a weighted graph state. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Douglas K. Plato , Oscar C. Dahlsten , Martin B. Plenio

Inspired by the possibility that generative models based on quantum circuits can provide a useful inductive bias for sequence modeling tasks, we propose an efficient training algorithm for a subset of classically simulable quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 James Stokes , John Terilla

Random quantum circuits are commonly viewed as hard to simulate classically. In some regimes this has been formally conjectured, and there had been no evidence against the more general possibility that for circuits with uniformly random…

Quantum machine learning has recently attracted much attention from the community of quantum computing. In this paper, we explore the ability of generative adversarial networks (GANs) based on quantum computing. More specifically, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Haozhen Situ , Zhimin He , Yuyi Wang , Lvzhou Li , Shenggen Zheng

We investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computational power. This work consists of two parts. First we develop new classical simulation algorithms that are centered on sampling methods. Using these techniques we generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-20 M. Van den Nest

We describe random loop models and their relations to a family of quantum spin systems on finite graphs. The family includes spin 1/2 Heisenberg models with possibly anisotropic spin interactions and certain spin 1 models with…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-08-23 Daniel Ueltschi

The task of learning a probability distribution from samples is ubiquitous across the natural sciences. The output distributions of local quantum circuits form a particularly interesting class of distributions, of key importance both to…

Hybrid quantum-classical systems make it possible to utilize existing quantum computers to their fullest extent. Within this framework, parameterized quantum circuits can be regarded as machine learning models with remarkable expressive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Marcello Benedetti , Erika Lloyd , Stefan Sack , Mattia Fiorentini

Adversarial robustness in quantum classifiers is a critical area of study, providing insights into their performance compared to classical models and uncovering potential advantages inherent to quantum machine learning. In the NISQ era of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Pouya Kananian , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Using the tensor product representation in the density matrix renormalization group, we show that a quantum circuit of Grover's algorithm, which has one-qubit unitary gates, generalized Toffoli gates, and projective measurements, can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Kawaguchi , K. Shimizu , Y. Tokura , N. Imoto

The random walk formalism is used across a wide range of applications, from modelling share prices to predicting population genetics. Likewise quantum walks have shown much potential as a frame- work for developing new quantum algorithms.…