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Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) excel at accomplishing complex objectives through the collaborative efforts of individual agents. Among the methodologies employed in MAS, Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) stands out as one of the most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Chenhao Yao , Zike Yuan , Xiaoxu Liu , Chi Zhu

As Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) develops, Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) are expected to significantly reduce traffic congestion through cooperative strategies, such as in bottleneck areas. However, the uncertainty and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Zhengxuan Liu , Yuxin Cai , Yijing Wang , Xiangkun He , Chen Lv , Zhiqiang Zuo

Urban traffic congestion, particularly at intersections, significantly affects travel time, fuel consumption, and emissions. Traditional fixed-time signal control systems often lack the adaptability to effectively manage dynamic traffic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Saahil Mahato

On-ramp merging areas are deemed to be typical bottlenecks for freeway networks due to the intensive disturbances induced by the frequent merging, weaving, and lane-changing behaviors. The Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), benefited…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-22 Jie Zhu , Ivana Tasic , Xiaobo Qu

We derive time and energy-optimal policies for a Connected Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) to execute lane change maneuvers in mixed traffic, i.e., in the presence of both CAVs and Human Driven Vehicles (HDVs). These policies are also shown to be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-26 Anni Li , Andres S. Chavez Armijos , Christos G. Cassandras

The rapid advancements in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology promise enhanced safety and operational efficiency. However, frequent lane changes and merging maneuvers continue to pose significant safety risks and disrupt traffic flow. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-17 Seyed Moein Abtahi , Akramul Azim

The cooperative control of the connected and automated vehicle (CAV) is recognized as an effective approach to alleviate traffic congestion and improve traffic safety, especially for on-ramp bottlenecks. However, in the mixed traffic, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Haoji Liu , Weichao Zhuang , Guodong Yin , Rongcan Li , Chang Liu , Shanxing Zhou

Preventing collisions in multi-robot navigation is crucial for deployment. This requirement hinders the use of learning-based approaches, such as multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), on their own due to their lack of safety…

The introduction of connected and automated vehicles (CAV) is believed to reduce congestion, enhance safety, and improve traffic efficiency. Numerous research studies have focused on controlling pure CAV platoons in fully connected…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Chenguang Zhao , Tamas G. Molnar , Huan Yu

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) represent a transformative advancement in the transportation industry. These vehicles have sophisticated sensors, advanced algorithms, and powerful computing systems that allow them to navigate and operate without…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Noor Aboueleneen , Yahuza Bello , Abdullatif Albaseer , Ahmed Refaey Hussein , Mohamed Abdallah , Ekram Hossain

Deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been demonstrated effectively in simulations for multi-robot problems. For autonomous vehicles, the development of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technologies provide opportunities…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Keshawn Smith , Zhili Zhang , H M Sabbir Ahmad , Ehsan Sabouni , Mainak Mondal , Song Han , Wenchao Li , Fei Miao

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) plays a pivotal role in enhancing traffic efficiency and safety in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs). Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven effective in optimizing complex decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Sicong Jiang , Seongjin Choi , Lijun Sun

We address the problem of merging traffic from two roadways consisting of both Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and Human Driven Vehicles (HDVs). Guaranteeing safe merging in such mixed traffic settings is challenging due to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-29 Ehsan Sabouni , H. M. Sabbir Ahmad , Christos G. Cassandras , Wenchao Li

Cooperative on-ramp merging control for connected automated vehicles (CAVs) has been extensively investigated. However, they did neglect the connected vehicle identification process, which is a must for CAV cooperations. In this paper, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-20 Haoji Liu , Fatemeh Jahedinia , Zeyu Mu , B. Brian Park

Building autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a complex problem, but enabling them to operate in the real world where they will be surrounded by human-driven vehicles (HVs) is extremely challenging. Prior works have shown the possibilities of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Rodolfo Valiente , Behrad Toghi , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah

Over the years, reinforcement learning has emerged as a popular approach to develop signal control and vehicle platooning strategies either independently or in a hierarchical way. However, jointly controlling both in real-time to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Xianyue Peng , Shenyang Chen , Hang Gao , Hao Wang , H. Michael Zhang

Despite the success of AI-enabled onboard perception, on-ramp merging has been one of the main challenges for autonomous driving. Due to limited sensing range of onboard sensors, a merging vehicle can hardly observe main road conditions and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Gaurav Bagwe , Jian Li , Xiaoyong Yuan , Lan Zhang

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) technologies have great potential for enhancing traffic flow efficiency and safety. However, cooperative decision-making in multi-agent systems, particularly in complex human-machine mixed merging areas, remains…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yicheng Guo , Jiaqi Liu , Rongjie Yu , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Autonomous intersection management (AIM) poses significant challenges due to the intricate nature of real-world traffic scenarios and the need for a highly expensive centralised server in charge of simultaneously controlling all the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Matteo Cederle , Marco Fabris , Gian Antonio Susto

This paper addresses cooperative lane-changing maneuvers in mixed traffic, aiming to minimize traffic flow disruptions while accounting for uncooperative vehicles. The proposed approach adopts controllers combining Optimal control with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-31 Andres S. Chavez Armijos , Anni Li , Christos G. Cassandras