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Multimodal information retrieval (MMIR) has gained attention for its flexibility in handling text, images, or mixed queries and candidates. Recent breakthroughs in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) boost MMIR performance by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dawei Su , Dongsheng Wang

With the proliferation of large language models (LLMs) in the medical domain, there is increasing demand for improved evaluation techniques to assess their capabilities. However, traditional metrics like F1 and ROUGE, which rely on token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xiechi Zhang , Zetian Ouyang , Linlin Wang , Gerard de Melo , Zhu Cao , Xiaoling Wang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Liang He

Evaluating the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task, particularly when aiming to avoid subjective assessments. This paper proposes a framework for leveraging subjective metrics derived from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Haoze Du , Richard Li , Edward Gehringer

Large language models (LLMs) can act as evaluators, a role studied by methods like LLM-as-a-Judge and fine-tuned judging LLMs. In the field of education, LLMs have been studied as assistant tools for students and teachers. Our research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Valeria Ramirez-Garcia , David de-Fitero-Dominguez , Antonio Garcia-Cabot , Eva Garcia-Lopez

This paper introduces LalaEval, a holistic framework designed for the human evaluation of domain-specific large language models (LLMs). LalaEval proposes a comprehensive suite of end-to-end protocols that cover five main components…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Chongyan Sun , Ken Lin , Shiwei Wang , Hulong Wu , Chengfei Fu , Zhen Wang

When developing new large language models (LLMs), a key step is evaluating their final performance, often by computing the win-rate against a reference model based on external feedback. Human feedback is the gold standard, particularly for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Zhaoyi Zhou , Yuda Song , Andrea Zanette

The LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm offers a scalable, reference-free approach for evaluating language models. Although several calibration techniques have been proposed to better align these evaluators with human judgment, prior studies focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Roland Daynauth , Christopher Clarke , Krisztian Flautner , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

Explainable recommender systems are designed to elucidate the explanation behind each recommendation, enabling users to comprehend the underlying logic. Previous works perform rating prediction and explanation generation in a multi-task…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Shijie Liu , Ruixing Ding , Weihai Lu , Jun Wang , Mo Yu , Xiaoming Shi , Wei Zhang

Recently, the evaluation of Large Language Models has emerged as a popular area of research. The three crucial questions for LLM evaluation are ``what, where, and how to evaluate''. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yue Zhang , Ming Zhang , Haipeng Yuan , Shichun Liu , Yongyao Shi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has highlighted the need for efficient and reliable methods to evaluate their performance. Traditional evaluation methods often face challenges like high costs, limited task formats,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junjie Chen , Weihang Su , Zhumin Chu , Haitao Li , Yujia Zhou , Dingbo Yuan , Xudong Wang , Jun Zhou , Yiqun Liu , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma , Qingyao Ai

Evaluating instruction following in Large Language Models requires decomposing instructions into verifiable requirements and assessing satisfaction--tasks currently dependent on manual annotation and uniform criteria that do not align with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Nardine Basta , Dali Kaafar

With significant efforts in recent studies, LLM-as-a-Judge has become a cost-effective alternative to human evaluation for assessing text generation quality in a wide range of tasks. However, there still remains a reliability gap between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Qiyuan Zhang , Yufei Wang , Tiezheng YU , Yuxin Jiang , Chuhan Wu , Liangyou Li , Yasheng Wang , Xin Jiang , Lifeng Shang , Ruiming Tang , Fuyuan Lyu , Chen Ma

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly tuned to power complex generation tasks such as writing, fact-seeking, querying and reasoning. Traditionally, human or model feedback for evaluating and further tuning LLM performance has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yukti Makhija , Priyanka Agrawal , Rishi Saket , Aravindan Raghuveer

Recently, there has been growing interest in extending the context length of large language models (LLMs), aiming to effectively process long inputs of one turn or conversations with more extensive histories. While proprietary models such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Chenxin An , Shansan Gong , Ming Zhong , Xingjian Zhao , Mukai Li , Jun Zhang , Lingpeng Kong , Xipeng Qiu

Despite recent advances, evaluating how well large language models (LLMs) follow user instructions remains an open problem. While evaluation methods of language models have seen a rise in prompt-based approaches, limited work on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ondrej Skopek , Rahul Aralikatte , Sian Gooding , Victor Carbune

Large Language Models (LLMs) drive scientific question-answering on modern search engines, yet their evaluation robustness remains underexplored. We introduce YESciEval, an open-source framework that combines fine-grained rubric-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jennifer D'Souza , Hamed Babaei Giglou , Quentin Münch

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has shifted language model evaluation toward reasoning and problem-solving tasks as measures of general intelligence. Small Language Models (SLMs) -- defined here as models under 10B parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Gabriel Benedict , Matthew Butler , Naved Merchant , Eetu Salama-Laine

fmeval is an open source library to evaluate large language models (LLMs) in a range of tasks. It helps practitioners evaluate their model for task performance and along multiple responsible AI dimensions. This paper presents the library…

Despite impressive results on curated benchmarks, the practical impact of large language models (LLMs) on research-level neural theorem proving and proof autoformalization is still limited. We introduce RLMEval, an evaluation suite for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Auguste Poiroux , Antoine Bosselut , Viktor Kunčak

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) enables flexible and interpretable automatic evaluations. In the field of machine translation evaluation, utilizing LLMs with translation error annotations based on Multidimensional Quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shijie Zhang , Renhao Li , Songsheng Wang , Philipp Koehn , Min Yang , Derek F. Wong