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We investigate the influence of memory errors in the quantum repeater scheme for long-range quantum communication. We show that the communication distance is limited in standard operation mode due to memory errors resulting from unavoidable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Hartmann , B. Kraus , H. -J. Briegel , W. Dür

Quantum networks rely on high-fidelity entanglement links, but achieving target fidelity often increases latency and Bell pair consumption due to purification. This paper proposes a cost-based scheduler that jointly optimizes path selection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Gongyu Ni , Holger Claussen , Lester Ho

Quantum networks are expected to enhance distributed quantum computing and quantum communication over long distances while providing security dependent upon physical effects rather than mathematical assumptions. Through simulation, we show…

Transmitting unknown quantum states to distant locations is crucial for distributed quantum information protocols. The seminal quantum teleportation scheme achieves this feat while requiring prior maximal entanglement between the sender and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Arkaprabha Ghosal , Jatin Ghai , Tanmay Saha , Sibasish Ghosh , Mir Alimuddin

As quantum key distribution becomes increasingly practical, questions of how to effectively employ it in large-scale networks and over large distances becomes increasingly important. To that end, in this work, we model the performance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Omar Amer , Walter O. Krawec , Bing Wang

Quantum communication relies on the existence of entanglement between two nodes of a network. However, due to its fragile nature, it is nearly impossible to establish entanglement at large distances through the direct transmission of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-18 Sowmitra Das , Md. Saifur Rahman , Mahbub Majumdar

Quantum repeaters are enabling technologies for long-distance quantum communications. Despite the significant progress in the field, we still not only face implementation challenges but also need theoretical solutions that better meet all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Javier Rey-Domínguez , Mohsen Razavi

The standard approach to realize a quantum repeater relies upon probabilistic but heralded entangled state manipulations and the storage of quantum states while waiting for successful events. In the literature on this class of repeaters,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 E. Shchukin , F. Schmidt , P. van Loock

Quantum entanglement is a unique criterion of the quantum realm and an essential tool to secure quantum communication. Ensuring high-fidelity entanglement has always been a challenging task owing to interaction with the hostile channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Syed Emad Uddin Shubha , Md. Saifur Rahman , M. R. C. Mahdy

Quantum repeaters represent one possible way to achieve long-distance quantum key distribution. Collins et al. in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 060502 (2007)] proposed multiplexing as method to increase the repeater rate and to decrease the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-08 Silvestre Abruzzo , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Space-based entanglement distribution has the potential to extend the range of quantum communication beyond that achievable through optical fibres that are constrained by exponential losses. Quantum repeaters have been proposed to mitigate…

The expansion of satellite-based quantum networks requires adaptive routing mechanisms that can sustain entanglement under dynamic orbital and atmospheric conditions. Conventional schemes, often tailored to static or idealised topologies,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Dhrumil Bhatt , Vidushi Kumar

Quantum networks, integrating quantum communication, quantum metrology, and distributed quantum computing, could provide secure and efficient information transfer, high-resolution sensing, and an exponential speed-up in information…

This work introduces a compact framework for analyzing asynchronous entanglement distribution protocols under realistic error models. We focus on two contemporary protocols: sequential, where entanglement is established one node at a time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Emma Hughes , William Munizzi , Prineha Narang

Quantum entanglement is an indispensable resource for many significant quantum information processing tasks. However, because of the noise in quantum channels, it is difficult to distribute quantum entanglement over a long distance in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-31 Zhaofeng Su , Ji Guan , Lvzhou Li

We present a physical- and link-level design for the creation of entangled pairs to be used in quantum repeater applications where one can control the noise level of the initially distributed pairs. The system can tune dynamically, trading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 W. J. Munro , R. Van Meter , Sebastien G. R. Louis , Kae Nemoto

Before global-scale quantum networks become operational, it is important to consider how to evaluate their performance so that they can be built to achieve the desired performance. We propose two practical figures of merit for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Sumeet Khatri , Corey T. Matyas , Aliza U. Siddiqui , Jonathan P. Dowling

Timely and reliable status updates are essential for emerging QoS-sensitive wireless applications. Common age of information (AoI)-based metrics, such as average AoI and age violation rate (AVR), characterize time-averaged freshness or…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Haoyuan Pan , Chen Chen , Shiyong Zhou , Kun Chen , Tse-Tin Chan

The problem of scheduling in quantum networks amounts to choosing which entanglement swapping operations to perform to better serve user demand. The choice can be carried out following a variety of criteria (e.g. ensuring all users are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Paolo Fittipaldi

The ability to distribute high-quality entanglement between remote parties is a necessary primitive for many quantum communication applications. A large range of schemes for realizing the long-distance delivery of remote entanglement has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Tim Coopmans , Sebastiaan Brand , David Elkouss