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Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex reasoning by leveraging chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to generate intermediate reasoning chains as the rationale to infer the answer. However, existing CoT studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhuosheng Zhang , Aston Zhang , Mu Li , Hai Zhao , George Karypis , Alex Smola

Scaling inference compute enhances reasoning in large language models (LLMs), with long chains-of-thought (CoTs) enabling strategies like backtracking and error correction. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Edward Yeo , Yuxuan Tong , Morry Niu , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

Multimodal reasoning is a challenging task that requires models to reason across multiple modalities to answer questions. Existing approaches have made progress by incorporating language and visual modalities into a two-stage reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Cheng Tan , Jingxuan Wei , Zhangyang Gao , Linzhuang Sun , Siyuan Li , Ruifeng Guo , Bihui Yu , Stan Z. Li

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on complex tasks by leveraging long Chain-of-Thought (CoT), but often suffer from overthinking, leading to excessive reasoning steps and high inference latency. Existing CoT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yi Sui , Chaozhuo Li , Dawei Song

Recent breakthroughs in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated that extensive Chain-of-Thought (CoT) generation is critical for enabling intricate cognitive behaviors, such as self-verification and backtracking, to solve complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Minda Hu , Zexuan Qiu , Zenan Xu , Kun Li , Bo Zhou , Irwin King

The ability to perform Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning marks a major milestone for multimodal models (MMs), enabling them to solve complex visual reasoning problems. Yet a critical question remains: is such reasoning genuinely grounded in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jusheng Zhang , Kaitong Cai , Xiaoyang Guo , Sidi Liu , Qinhan Lv , Ruiqi Chen , Jing Yang , Yijia Fan , Xiaofei Sun , Jian Wang , Ziliang Chen , Liang Lin , Keze Wang

Long chain-of-thought (Long-CoT) reasoning models have motivated a growing body of work on compressing reasoning traces to reduce inference cost, yet existing evaluations focus almost exclusively on task accuracy and token savings.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Lingjie Zeng , Xiaofan Chen , Yanbo Wang , Xiuying Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can now solve complex problems through long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, but the trade-off between performance and token cost remains a central challenge. To address this issue, supervised fine-tuning (SFT)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Kohsei Matsutani , Gouki Minegishi , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting improves LLM reasoning but incurs high latency and memory cost due to verbose traces, motivating CoT compression with preserved correctness. Existing methods either shorten CoTs at the semantic level, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhenxuan Fan , Jie Cao , Yang Dai , Zheqi Lv , Wenqiao Zhang , Zhongle Xie , Peng LU , Beng Chin Ooi

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve superior performance through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but these token-level reasoning chains are computationally expensive and inefficient. In this paper, we introduce Compressed Latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Wenhui Tan , Jiaze Li , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Ruihua Song , Jian Luan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by decomposing complex tasks into simpler, sequential subtasks. However, extending CoT to vision-language reasoning tasks remains challenging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luozheng Qin , Jia Gong , Yuqing Sun , Tianjiao Li , Mengping Yang , Xiaomeng Yang , Chao Qu , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has exhibited impressive performance in language models for solving complex tasks and answering questions. However, many real-world questions require multi-modal information, such as text and images.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Liqi He , Zuchao Li , Xiantao Cai , Ping Wang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has unlocked advanced reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with intermediate steps, yet incurs prohibitive computational costs due to generation of extra tokens. Recent studies empirically show that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Juncai Li , Ru Li , Yuxiang Zhou , Boxiang Ma , Jeff Z. Pan

Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning has demonstrated remarkable deep reasoning capabilities in both large language models (LLMs) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, its reliability is often undermined by the accumulation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Zijun Chen , Wenbo Hu , Richang Hong

Compressing long chain-of-thought (CoT) from large language models (LLMs) is an emerging strategy to improve the reasoning efficiency of LLMs. Despite its promising benefits, existing studies equally compress all thoughts within a long CoT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yansong Ning , Wei Li , Jun Fang , Naiqiang Tan , Hao Liu

Answering questions with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its impact on Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) still lacks a systematic assessment and in-depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Dongzhi Jiang , Renrui Zhang , Ziyu Guo , Yanwei Li , Yu Qi , Xinyan Chen , Liuhui Wang , Jianhan Jin , Claire Guo , Shen Yan , Bo Zhang , Chaoyou Fu , Peng Gao , Hongsheng Li

Generating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) before deriving the answer can effectively improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and significantly improve the accuracy of the generated answer. However, in most cases, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yu Kang , Xianghui Sun , Liangyu Chen , Wei Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) using Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting excel at complex reasoning but generate verbose thought processes with considerable redundancy, leading to increased inference costs and reduced efficiency. We introduce a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeju Li , Jianyuan Zhong , Ziyang Zheng , Xiangyu Wen , Zhijian Xu , Yingying Cheng , Fan Zhang , Qiang Xu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has become a powerful framework for improving complex problem-solving capabilities in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, the verbose nature of textual reasoning introduces significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xuan Shen , Yizhou Wang , Yufa Zhou , Xiangxi Shi , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang , Jiuxiang Gu

Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) with a great ability of text and image understanding have received great attention. To achieve better reasoning with MLLMs, Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been widely explored, which further promotes MLLMs'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zefeng Wang , Zhen Han , Shuo Chen , Fan Xue , Zifeng Ding , Xun Xiao , Volker Tresp , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu