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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has proven effective in enhancing large language models by encouraging step-by-step intermediate reasoning, and recent advances have extended this paradigm to Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). In the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Juntao Jiang , Jiangning Zhang , Yali Bi , Jinsheng Bai , Weixuan Liu , Weiwei Jin , Zhucun Xue , Yong Liu , Xiaobin Hu , Shuicheng Yan

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in large language models' (LLMs) reasoning, which is largely due to the chain-of-thought (CoT) approaches, allowing models to generate intermediate reasoning steps before reaching the final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zuoli Tang , Junjie Ou , Kaiqin Hu , Chunwei Wu , Zhaoxin Huan , Chilin Fu , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Zhou , Chenliang Li

Recent studies have shown that making a model spend more time thinking through longer Chain of Thoughts (CoTs) enables it to gain significant improvements in complex reasoning tasks. While current researches continue to explore the benefits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenkai Yang , Shuming Ma , Yankai Lin , Furu Wei

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve impressive performance on complex reasoning tasks via Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, which enables them to generate intermediate thinking tokens before arriving at the final answer. However, LRMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Alliot Nagle , Jakhongir Saydaliev , Dhia Garbaya , Michael Gastpar , Ashok Vardhan Makkuva , Hyeji Kim

Reasoning capabilities of large language models are primarily studied for English, even when pretrained models are multilingual. In this work, we investigate to what extent English reasoning finetuning with long chain-of-thoughts (CoTs) can…

A long-standing goal of AI systems is to perform complex multimodal reasoning like humans. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in such multi-step reasoning on the language modality solely by leveraging the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ge Zheng , Bin Yang , Jiajin Tang , Hong-Yu Zhou , Sibei Yang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning and its variants have substantially improved the performance of language models on complex reasoning tasks, yet the precise mechanisms by which different strategies facilitate generalization remain poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Archiki Prasad , Mandar Joshi , Kenton Lee , Mohit Bansal , Peter Shaw

Reasoning large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior capacities in solving complicated problems by generating long chain-of-thoughts (CoT), but such a lengthy CoT incurs high inference costs. Previous methods on inference-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Minjia Mao , Bowen Yin , Yu Zhu , Xiao Fang

In this paper, we address the challenging task of multimodal mathematical reasoning by incorporating the ability of "slow thinking" into multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Our core idea is that different levels of reasoning abilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Kun Xiang , Zhili Liu , Zihao Jiang , Yunshuang Nie , Kaixin Cai , Yiyang Yin , Runhui Huang , Haoxiang Fan , Hanhui Li , Weiran Huang , Yihan Zeng , Yu-Jie Yuan , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities when trained with chain-of-thought (CoT) supervision. However, the long and verbose CoT traces, especially those distilled from large reasoning models (LRMs) such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jinghan Jia , Hadi Reisizadeh , Chongyu Fan , Nathalie Baracaldo , Mingyi Hong , Sijia Liu

We introduce a novel framework, LM-Guided CoT, that leverages a lightweight (i.e., <1B) language model (LM) for guiding a black-box large (i.e., >10B) LM in reasoning tasks. Specifically, the lightweight LM first generates a rationale for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Jooyoung Lee , Fan Yang , Thanh Tran , Qian Hu , Emre Barut , Kai-Wei Chang , Chengwei Su

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in tasks involving audio perception and understanding, such as speech recognition and audio captioning. However, their reasoning capabilities - critical for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ziyang Ma , Zhuo Chen , Yuping Wang , Eng Siong Chng , Xie Chen

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the theoretical foundations of learning from CoT data remain underdeveloped, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Amnon Shashua

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant accuracy degradation due to insufficient reasoning ability when dealing with complex and abstract tasks. Thought structures such as Chain of Thought (CoT) and Tree of Thought (ToT) focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Fengxiao Tang , Yufeng Li , Zongzong Wu , Ming Zhao

Distilling large reasoning models is essential for making Long-CoT reasoning practical, as full-scale inference remains computationally prohibitive. Existing curation-based approaches select complete reasoning traces post-hoc, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Taewon Yun , Jisu Shin , Jeonghwan Choi , Seunghwan Bang , Hwanjun Song

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances large language models (LLMs) by decomposing complex problems into step-by-step solutions, improving performance on reasoning tasks. However, current CoT disclosure policies vary widely across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yihang Chen , Haikang Deng , Kaiqiao Han , Qingyue Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex tasks. Recent advancements in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have further improved performance in System-2 reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yang Sui , Yu-Neng Chuang , Guanchu Wang , Jiamu Zhang , Tianyi Zhang , Jiayi Yuan , Hongyi Liu , Andrew Wen , Shaochen Zhong , Na Zou , Hanjie Chen , Xia Hu

Reasoning-capable large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on complex tasks but often exhibit overthinking after distillation, generating unnecessarily long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning even for simple inputs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Feng Luo , Yu-Neng Chuang , Guanchu Wang , Hoang Anh Duy Le , Shaochen Zhong , Hongyi Liu , Jiayi Yuan , Yang Sui , Vladimir Braverman , Vipin Chaudhary , Xia Hu

Existing works of reasoning segmentation often fall short in complex cases, particularly when addressing complicated queries and out-of-domain images. Inspired by the chain-of-thought reasoning, where harder problems require longer thinking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shiu-hong Kao , Chak Ho Huang , Huaiqian Liu , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

While multimodal reasoning models (MLRMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities, they remain prone to hallucinations, and effective solutions are still underexplored. In this paper, we experimentally analyze the hallucination cause and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Hao Fang , Jinyu Li , Jiawei Kong , Tianqu Zhuang , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia
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