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Understanding emotion from speech requires sensitivity to both lexical and acoustic cues. However, it remains unclear whether large audio language models (LALMs) genuinely process acoustic information or rely primarily on lexical content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jingyi Chen , Zhimeng Guo , Jiyun Chun , Pichao Wang , Andrew Perrault , Micha Elsner

In training a deep learning system to perform audio transcription, two practical problems may arise. Firstly, most datasets are weakly labelled, having only a list of events present in each recording without any temporal information for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Veronica Morfi , Dan Stowell

Although text-to-audio generation has made remarkable progress in realism and diversity, the development of evaluation metrics has not kept pace. Widely-adopted approaches, typically based on embedding similarity like CLAPScore, effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Chun-Yi Kuan , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

While Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) achieve strong performance on short audio, they degrade on long-form inputs. This degradation is more severe in temporal awareness tasks, where temporal alignment becomes increasingly inaccurate as…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Mingchen Shao , Hang Su , Wenjie Tian , Bingshen Mu , Zhennan Lin , Lichun Fan , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan , Lei Xie

Text segmentation (TS) aims at dividing long text into coherent segments which reflect the subtopic structure of the text. It is beneficial to many natural language processing tasks, such as Information Retrieval (IR) and document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-30 Mostafa Bayomi , Killian Levacher , M. Rami Ghorab , Séamus Lawless

Audio agents extend large audio-language models (LALMs) by decomposing audio questions into tool calls, intermediate evidence, and iterative reasoning steps. However, as LALMs become stronger, the key challenge shifts from enabling tool use…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Yucheng Wang , Jing Peng , Hanqi Li , Chenghao Wang , Wenming Tu , Yu Xi , Zhaokai Sun , Kai Yu , Shuai Wang

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) represent an important frontier in multimodal AI, addressing diverse audio tasks. Recently, post-training of LALMs has received increasing attention due to significant performance improvements over…

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from significant performance degradation on the long document understanding task as document length increases. This stems from two fundamental challenges: 1) a low Signal-to-Noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hao Yan , Yuliang Liu , Xingchen Liu , Yuyi Zhang , Minghui Liao , Jihao Wu , Wei Chen , Xiang Bai

Discovering and evaluating long-form talk content such as videos and podcasts poses a significant challenge for users, as it requires a considerable time investment. Previews offer a practical solution by providing concise snippets that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Winstead Zhu , Ann Clifton , Azin Ghazimatin , Edgar Tanaka , Edward Ronan

Large audio-language models (LALMs) can generate reasoning chains for their predictions, but it remains unclear whether these reasoning chains remain grounded in the input audio. In this paper, we propose an RL-based strategy that grounds…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jihoon Jeong , Pooneh Mousavi , Mirco Ravanelli , Cem Subakan

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has gained traction for its ability to learn rich representations with low labeling costs, applicable across diverse downstream tasks. However, assessing the downstream-task performance remains challenging due…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Takashi Maekaku , Keita Goto , Jinchuan Tian , Yusuke Shinohara , Shinji Watanabe

Large Language Model (LLM) judges exhibit strong reasoning capabilities but are limited to textual content. This leaves current automatic Speech-to-Speech (S2S) evaluation methods reliant on opaque and expensive Audio Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Arjun Chandra , Kevin Miller , Venkatesh Ravichandran , Constantinos Papayiannis , Venkatesh Saligrama

Automated audio captioning is a task that generates textual descriptions for audio content, and recent studies have explored using visual information to enhance captioning quality. However, current methods often fail to effectively fuse…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Kyeongha Rho , Hyeongkeun Lee , Valentio Iverson , Joon Son Chung

Audio separation in real-world scenarios, where mixtures contain a variable number of sources, presents significant challenges due to limitations of existing models, such as over-separation, under-separation, and dependence on predefined…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Tanvir Mahmud , Diana Marculescu

Speech summarization is a critical component of spoken content understanding, particularly in the era of rapidly growing spoken and audiovisual data. Recent advances in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), leveraging the power of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Shaoshi Ling , Gang Liu , Guoli Ye , Jinyu Li

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly capable of reasoning over audio. However, existing benchmarks provide limited coverage of reasoning in polyphonic audio, where multiple sound events co-occur and induce compositional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Yuanjian Chen , Yang Xiao , Han Yin , Xubo Liu , Jinjie Huang , Ting Dang

Recent progress in diffusion-based audio generation and restoration has substantially improved performance across heterogeneous conditioning regimes, including text-conditioned audio generation and audio-conditioned super-resolution.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xuanhao Zhang , Chang Li

Even in the absence of any explicit semantic annotation, vast collections of audio recordings provide valuable information for learning the categorical structure of sounds. We consider several class-agnostic semantic constraints that apply…

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) as judges have emerged as a prominent approach for evaluating speech generation quality, yet their ability to assess speaker consistency across multi-turn dialogues remains unexplored. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jonggeun Lee , Junseong Pyo , Gyuhyeon Seo , Yohan Jo

Despite recent breakthroughs, audio foundation models struggle in processing complex multi-source acoustic scenes. We refer to this challenging domain as audio stories, which can have multiple speakers and background/foreground sound…

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