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Car-following is a control process in which a following vehicle (FV) adjusts its acceleration to keep a safe distance from the lead vehicle (LV). Recently, there has been a booming of data-driven models that enable more accurate modeling of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Xianda Chen , Meixin Zhu , Kehua Chen , Pengqin Wang , Hongliang Lu , Hui Zhong , Xu Han , Yinhai Wang

Semantic Segmentation is essential to make self-driving vehicles autonomous, enabling them to understand their surroundings by assigning individual pixels to known categories. However, it operates on sensible data collected from the users'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Lidia Fantauzzo , Eros Fanì , Debora Caldarola , Antonio Tavera , Fabio Cermelli , Marco Ciccone , Barbara Caputo

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) can potentially improve urban living by reducing accidents, increasing transportation accessibility and equity, and decreasing emissions. Realizing these promises requires the innovations of AV driving behaviors,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Hauke Sandhaus , Wendy Ju , Qian Yang

Autonomous vehicles (AV) look set to become common on our roads within the next few years. However, to achieve the final breakthrough, not only functional progress is required, but also satisfactory safety assurance must be provided. Among…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini , Cornelius Buerkle , Fabian Oboril , Michael Paulitsch

Accurate classification of autonomous vehicle (AV) driving behaviors is critical for safety validation, performance diagnosis, and traffic integration analysis. However, existing approaches primarily rely on numerical time-series modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xiangyu Li , Tianyi Wang , Xi Cheng , Rakesh Chowdary Machineni , Zhaomiao Guo , Sikai Chen , Junfeng Jiao , Christian Claudel

To safely navigate intricate real-world scenarios, autonomous vehicles must be able to adapt to diverse road conditions and anticipate future events. World model (WM) based reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Dechen Gao , Shuangyu Cai , Hanchu Zhou , Hang Wang , Iman Soltani , Junshan Zhang

Autonomous vehicles are the culmination of advances in many areas such as sensor technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), networking, and more. This paper will introduce the reader to the technologies that build autonomous vehicles. It…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Oussama Saoudi , Ishwar Singh , Hamidreza Mahyar

In the automotive industry there is a need to handle broad quality deficiencies, eg, performance, maintainability, cybersecurity, safety, and privacy, to mention a few. The idea is to prevent these issues from reaching end-users, ie, road…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ricardo M. Czekster

Reinforcement learning is considered to be a strong AI paradigm which can be used to teach machines through interaction with the environment and learning from their mistakes. Despite its perceived utility, it has not yet been successfully…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-11 Ahmad El Sallab , Mohammed Abdou , Etienne Perot , Senthil Yogamani

Autonomous driving is a multi-agent setting where the host vehicle must apply sophisticated negotiation skills with other road users when overtaking, giving way, merging, taking left and right turns and while pushing ahead in unstructured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-12 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Shaked Shammah , Amnon Shashua

The transition toward Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) represents a major paradigm shift in vehicle design, transforming traditional hardware-centric systems into software-centric platforms capable of dynamic adaptation and continuous…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Eirini Liotou , Dimitra Tzelalidou , Gerasimos Christodoulou

The deployment of Automated Vehicles (AVs) is expected to address road transport externalities (e.g., safety, traffic, environmental impact, etc.). For this reason, a legal framework for their large-scale market introduction and deployment…

Autonomous driving has rapidly developed and shown promising performance due to recent advances in hardware and deep learning techniques. High-quality datasets are fundamental for developing reliable autonomous driving algorithms. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Mingyu Liu , Ekim Yurtsever , Jonathan Fossaert , Xingcheng Zhou , Walter Zimmer , Yuning Cui , Bare Luka Zagar , Alois C. Knoll

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) use complex decision-making (DM) models with multimodal sensory inputs, making rigorous validation and verification (V&V) essential for safety and reliability. These models pose challenges in diagnosing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Halit Eris , Stefan Wagner

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated notable promise in autonomous driving by offering the potential for multimodal reasoning through pretraining on extensive image-text pairs. However, adapting these models from broad web-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yupeng Zhou , Can Cui , Juntong Peng , Zichong Yang , Juanwu Lu , Jitesh H Panchal , Bin Yao , Ziran Wang

Evaluation methods for autonomous driving are crucial for algorithm optimization. However, due to the complexity of driving intelligence, there is currently no comprehensive evaluation method for the level of autonomous driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Shanhe You , Xuewen Luo , Xinhe Liang , Jiashu Yu , Chen Zheng , Jiangtao Gong

A significant barrier to deploying autonomous vehicles (AVs) on a massive scale is safety assurance. Several technical challenges arise due to the uncertain environment in which AVs operate such as road and weather conditions, errors in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Majid Khonji , Jorge Dias , Lakmal Seneviratne

Urban transportation of next decade is expected to be disrupted by Autonomous Mobility on Demand (AMoD): AMoD providers will collect ride requests from users and will dispatch a fleet of autonomous vehicles to satisfy requests in the most…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Andrea Di Maria , Andrea Araldo , Giovanni Morana , Antonella Di Stefano

Foundation model, which is pre-trained on broad data and is able to adapt to a wide range of tasks, is advancing healthcare. It promotes the development of healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) models, breaking the contradiction between…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yuting He , Fuxiang Huang , Xinrui Jiang , Yuxiang Nie , Minghao Wang , Jiguang Wang , Hao Chen

Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to increase traffic safety and traffic efficiency, among others by enabling flexible mobility-on-demand systems. This is particularly important in Singapore, being one of the world's most densely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-20 J. Ploeg , E. de Gelder , M. Slavík , E. Querner , T. Webster , N. de Boer