Related papers: A Causal Machine Learning Framework for Treatment …
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic mucosal inflammatory condition that places patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic surveillance remains the gold standard for assessing disease activity, and reporting typically…
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease decreasing life quality through symptoms such as bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Endoscopy is a cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of UC. The Mayo endoscopic subscore…
The development of high-throughput sequencing and targeted therapies has led to the emergence of personalized medicine: a patient's molecular profile or the presence of a specific biomarker of drug response will correspond to a treatment…
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an incurable inflammatory bowel disease that leads to ulcers along the large intestine and rectum. The increase in the prevalence of UC coupled with gastrointestinal physician shortages stresses the healthcare…
Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a prevalent condition with profound impacts on functioning and quality of life. While multiple evidence-based treatments exist, they all have modest average treatment effects$\unicode{x2013}$potentially due…
Objective: The growing availability of large-scale observational clinical datasets and challenges in conducting randomized controlled trials have spurred enthusiasm in using causal machine learning (ML) for causal inference in observational…
Clinical decision making regarding treatments based on personal characteristics leads to effective health improvements. Machine learning (ML) has been the primary concern of diagnosis support according to comprehensive patient information.…
Treatment effect heterogeneity refers to the systematic variation in treatment effects across subgroups. There is an increasing need for clinical trials that aim to investigate treatment effect heterogeneity and estimate subgroup-specific…
Current clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) typically base their predictions on correlation, not causation. In recent years, causal machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising way to improve decision-making with CDSSs by offering…
Dynamic prediction of causal effects under different treatment regimes conditional on an individual's characteristics and longitudinal history is an essential problem in precision medicine. This is challenging in practice because outcomes…
Clinical predictive algorithms are increasingly being used to form the basis for optimal treatment policies--that is, to enable interventions to be targeted to the patients who will presumably benefit most. Despite taking advantage of…
Identifying relationships between molecular variations and their clinical presentations has been challenged by the heterogeneous causes of a disease. It is imperative to unveil the relationship between the high dimensional molecular…
Experimentation is widely utilized for causal inference and data-driven decision-making across disciplines. In an A/B experiment, for example, an online business randomizes two different treatments (e.g., website designs) to their customers…
Monoclonal antibodies constitute one of the most important strategies to treat patients suffering from cancers such as hematological malignancies and solid tumors. In order to guarantee the quality of those preparations prepared at…
Estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is an active area of research. Most of the existing methods, however, focus on estimating the conditional average treatment effects of a single, binary treatment given a set of pre-treatment…
Over the past decade, several targeted therapies (e.g. imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib) have been developed to treat Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Despite an initial response to therapy, drug resistance remains a problem for some CML…
While witnessing the exceptional success of machine learning (ML) technologies in many applications, users are starting to notice a critical shortcoming of ML: correlation is a poor substitute for causation. The conventional way to discover…
Patient-level diagnosis of severity in ulcerative colitis (UC) is common in real clinical settings, where the most severe score in a patient is recorded. However, previous UC classification methods (i.e., image-level estimation) mainly…
Feature selection is an important but challenging task in causal inference for obtaining unbiased estimates of causal quantities. Properly selected features in causal inference not only significantly reduce the time required to implement a…
Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are vital for supporting clinical decision-making in biomedical informatics. However, their predictive performance can vary across demographic groups, often due to the underrepresentation of historically…