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Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (RALMs) face significant challenges in reducing factual errors, particularly in document relevance evaluation and knowledge integration. We introduce a framework for structured relevance assessment that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Aryan Raj , Astitva Veer Garg , Anitha D

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is increasingly being used when building Generative AI applications. Evaluating these applications and RAG pipelines is mostly done manually, via a trial and error process. Automating evaluation of RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shangeetha Sivasothy , Scott Barnett , Stefanus Kurniawan , Zafaryab Rasool , Rajesh Vasa

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has become prevalent in question-answering (QA) tasks due to its ability of utilizing search engine to enhance the quality of long-form question-answering (LFQA). Despite the emergence of various open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Tianchi Cai , Zhiwen Tan , Xierui Song , Tao Sun , Jiyan Jiang , Yunqi Xu , Yinger Zhang , Jinjie Gu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines have become the de-facto approach for building AI assistants with access to external, domain-specific knowledge. Given a user query, RAG pipelines typically first retrieve (R) relevant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Quentin Romero Lauro , Shreya Shankar , Sepanta Zeighami , Aditya Parameswaran

Recent research in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has concentrated on retrieving useful information from candidate documents. However, numerous methodologies frequently neglect the calibration capabilities of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Guanhua Chen , Yutong Yao , Lidia S. Chao , Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the de facto industry standard for user-facing NLP applications, offering the ability to integrate data without re-training or fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs). This capability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Lukas Ammann , Sara Ott , Christoph R. Landolt , Marco P. Lehmann

Using LLMs (Large Language Models) in conjunction with external documents has made RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) an essential technology. Numerous techniques and modules for RAG are being researched, but their performance can vary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Dongkyu Kim , Byoungwook Kim , Donggeon Han , Matouš Eibich

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks such as those from medical domain. However, the sensitive nature of the medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Nghia Trung Ngo , Chien Van Nguyen , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems remain brittle under realistic retrieval noise, even when the required evidence appears in the top-K results. A key reason is that retrievers and rerankers optimize solely for relevance, often…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a widely adopted approach for enhancing LLMs in scenarios that demand extensive factual knowledge. However, current RAG evaluations concentrate primarily on correctness, which may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Vinh Nguyen , Cuong Dang , Jiahao Zhang , Hoa Tran , Minh Tran , Trinh Chau , Thai Le , Lu Cheng , Suhang Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieved from a knowledge base. However, its effectiveness is fundamentally constrained by the reliability of both the retriever…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yiteng Tu , Weihang Su , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) was introduced to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond their encoded prior knowledge. This is achieved by providing LLMs with an external source of knowledge, which helps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Hazem Amamou , Stéphane Gagnon , Alan Davoust , Anderson R. Avila

Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with retrieval mechanisms have demonstrated significant potential in fact-checking tasks by integrating external knowledge. However, their reliability decreases when confronted with conflicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ziyu Ge , Yuhao Wu , Daniel Wai Kit Chin , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Rui Cao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access external knowledge sources, but the effectiveness of RAG relies on the coordination between the retriever and the generator. Since these components are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junlin Wang , Zehao Wu , Shaowei Lu , Yanlan Li , Xinghao Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become critical for knowledge-intensive applications, yet evaluating its performance in vertical domains remains difficult due to domain complexity, diverse context scales, and heavy reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jingbin Qian , Congwen Yi , Min Xia , Wen Wu , Jun Zhu , Jian Guan

Traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) benchmarks evaluate systems using heuristic-based metrics, but these require human preferences as the ground truth for reference. In contrast, arena-based benchmarks, where systems compete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Nandan Thakur , Suleman Kazi , Ge Luo , Jimmy Lin , Amin Ahmad

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a standard architectural pattern for incorporating domain-specific knowledge into user-facing chat applications powered by Large Language Models (LLMs). RAG systems are characterized by (1) a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Robert Friel , Masha Belyi , Atindriyo Sanyal

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is increasingly employed in generative AI-driven scientific workflows to integrate rapidly evolving scientific knowledge bases, yet its reliability is frequently compromised by non-determinism in their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Baiqiang Wang , Dongfang Zhao , Nathan R Tallent , Luanzheng Guo

We present a light-weight approach for detecting nonfactual outputs from retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Given a context and putative output, we compute a factuality score that can be thresholded to yield a binary decision to check…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Hithesh Sankararaman , Mohammed Nasheed Yasin , Tanner Sorensen , Alessandro Di Bari , Andreas Stolcke

Selective retrieval aims to make retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) more efficient and reliable by skipping retrieval when an LLM's parametric knowledge suffices. Despite promising results, existing methods are constrained by a binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Di Wu , Jia-Chen Gu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng