English

Self-Routing RAG: Binding Selective Retrieval with Knowledge Verbalization

Computation and Language 2026-01-07 v3

Abstract

Selective retrieval aims to make retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) more efficient and reliable by skipping retrieval when an LLM's parametric knowledge suffices. Despite promising results, existing methods are constrained by a binary design choice: either retrieve from a single external source or skip retrieval and let the LLM directly produce the final answer. We argue that this fallback underestimates the model's knowledge and obscures the more general multi-source decision problem that arises in practical systems. We propose Self-Routing RAG (SR-RAG), which casts selective retrieval as knowledge source selection and treats the LLM itself as a first-class knowledge source. SR-RAG learns to select an appropriate knowledge source, optionally verbalize parametric knowledge, and answer using the selected source, all within a single left-to-right generation pass. SR-RAG further augments source selection by combining LLM-based uncertainty with a flexible external policy datastore to improve decision calibration. Across four benchmarks and three 7B-class LLMs, SR-RAG outperforms a strong selective retrieval baseline by 8.5%/2.1%/4.7% while performing 26%/40%/21% fewer retrievals, and it achieves favorable accuracy-latency trade-offs without dataset-specific threshold tuning.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2504.01018,
  title  = {Self-Routing RAG: Binding Selective Retrieval with Knowledge Verbalization},
  author = {Di Wu and Jia-Chen Gu and Kai-Wei Chang and Nanyun Peng},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.01018},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T22:42:46.646Z